apgov - judiciary & bureaucracy

Question 1

writ of certiorari

Answer 1

request that the SC order a lower court to send up the record of the case for review

Question 2

government corporations

Answer 2

gov agency that is established by Congress to provide a market-oriented public service and to produce revenues that meet or approximate

Question 3

original jurisdiction

Answer 3

right of a court to hear a case for the first time

Question 4

amicus curiae

Answer 4

an individual or organization who is not a party to a legal case but is permitted to assist a court by offering info, expertise, or insight that has a bearing on the issues in the case

Question 5

bureaucrat

Answer 5

an official in gov department

Question 6

bureaucracy

Answer 6

a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by officials rather than by elected representatives

Question 7

Independent regulatory commission

Answer 7

ensure the compliance of legislation

Question 8

independent agency

Answer 8

ICC, FCC, National Labor Relations Board

Question 9

Atari Video Game System

Answer 9

old video game

Question 10

senior executive service

Answer 10

established by the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 who are mostly career officials but include some political appointees who do not require Senate confirmation

Question 11

civil service

Answer 11

system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle and the desire to create a nonpartisan government

Question 12

spoils system

Answer 12

Jackson system, hired his besties (supporters)

Question 13

merit system

Answer 13

public employment that depends on demonstrated performance

Question 14

smokey the bear

Answer 14

bear that educates about forest fires

Question 15

office of personnel management (OPM)

Answer 15

a human resources department for federal government employees

Question 16

office of management and budget (OMB)

Answer 16

the organization responsible for preparing the federal budget and for central clearance of legislative proposals from federal agencies

Question 17

judicial activism

Answer 17

judges sometimes make bold policy decisions

Question 18

judicial restraint

Answer 18

judges play minimal policymaking roles and defer to legislatures whenever possible

Question 19

hatch act

Answer 19

bureaucrats cannot be forced to campaign during work

Question 20

implementation

Answer 20

process of putting a law into practice

Question 21

administrative discretion

Answer 21

the exercise of professional expertise and judgment, as opposed to strict adherence to regulations or statues, in making a decision or performing official acts or duties

Question 22

rule

Answer 22

one set of explicit or understood regulations or principles governing conduct within a particular activity or sphere

Question 23

dissenting opinion

Answer 23

opposed to majority’s opinion

Question 24

concurring opinion

Answer 24

agree with majority opinion but has different reasoning as to why

Question 25

federal register

Answer 25

official document, that lists the new and proposed regulations of executive department and regulatory agencies

Question 26

uncontrollable spending

Answer 26

portion of the federal budget that is spent on programs such as, Social Security, that the president and Congress are unwilling to cut

Question 27

stare decisis

Answer 27

let the decision stand

Question 28

entitlement program

Answer 28

gov benefits that certain qualified individuals are entitled to by law

Question 29

oversight

Answer 29

congress has the authority to conduct hearings and investigations

Question 30

central clearance

Answer 30

review all executive branch testimony, reports, and draft legislation by OMB to ensure that each communication to Congress in accordance with the President’s program

Question 31

justifiable disputes

Answer 31

a dispute growing out of an actual case or controversy and that is capable of settlement by legal methods

Question 32

class action suits

Answer 32

lawsuits in which a small number of people sue on behalf of all people in similar circumstances

Question 33

judicial review

Answer 33

power to determine what is constitutional and unconstitutional

Question 34

civil law

Answer 34

law that governs relationships between individuals and defines their legal rights

Question 35

defendant

Answer 35

an individualism company, or institution sued or accused in court

Question 36

solicitor general

Answer 36

authority given by congress to the federal bureaucracy to use reasonable judgment in implementing laws

Question 37

appellate jurisdiction

Answer 37

jurisdiction of courts that hear cases brought to them on appeal from lower courts, these courts only review the legal issues involved

Question 38

court of appeals

Answer 38

appellate courts empowered to review all final decisions of district courts except in rare cases

Question 39

precedent

Answer 39

how similar cases have been decided in the past

Question 40

in forma pauperis

Answer 40

a petition filed with the SCOTUS by an indigent person

Question 41

docket

Answer 41

list of potential cases that reach the SC