Apex- Antibiotics Flashcards
What is the most common side effect of prophylactic antibiotics?
Pseudomembranous colitis
T/F: Allergic reactions are most commonly caused by beta-lactam antibiotics
True
why is there a convern about cross-reactivity between PCN and cephalosporins?
risk? (%)
which generation cephalosporins are associated with the lowest rate of cross-reactivity?
bc they share a beta-lactam ring
<1%
3rd and 4th generation
If a patient reports an allergy to PCN - they can receive a cephalosporin if the reaction was not…. _____ mediated and did not produce what
what would be the 2 alternatives?
was not IgE mediated
& didn’t produce exfolative dermatitis
vanco or clinda
IgE mediated (anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, urticaria)
exfolative dermatitis (stevens-Johnson syndrome)
dose and rate that vanco should be infused and why?
10-15ml/kg over 1 hour
*histamine release and hypotension
Which 4 antibiotics are contraindicated during pregnancy?
- Chloramphenicol (whatever that is)
- Erythromycin
- Fluoroquinolones
- Tetracyclines
- chloroprep lol
- macrolide
- cipro, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
- doxycycline
Aminoglycosides (2)
Risks (3)
Gent and Streptomycin
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, skeletal muscle weakenss*
*caution with NMB
What class antibiotics is doxycycline?
2 risks associated
Tetracycline
hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Fluroquinolones (3)
2 associated risks
- ciprofloxacin
- levofloxacin
- moxifloxacin
F - Fluroquinolonin; F- Floxacin
GI upset & tendonitis/trendon rupture
What class is erythromycin?
risks?
Macrolide
P450 inhibition
prolonged duration of drugs metabolized by P450 system
3 risks of vanco
- hypotension with rapid infusion (histamine relaease)
- red-man syndrome
- stevens-johnson
2 risks with metronidazole
peripheral neuropathy and alcohol intoelrance
What 2 antibiotics cause skeletal muscle weakness where you should be mindful of your NMB dosing
Aminoglycosides (Gent and streptomycin)
& Clindamycin
which abx is stronly associated with etoh intolerance?
metronidazole
which abx is associated with peripheral neuropathy?
metronidazole
Which abx is associated with steven johnson syndrome?
vancomycin
which abx is associated with histamine release
vanco
-hypotension with rapid infusion
-red man syndrome
which abx CLASS is associated with p450 inhibition
which drug is in that class
macrolides
erythormycin
which abx class is associated with tendonitis and tendon rupture?
fluroquinolones
-ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
which drug class is associated with nephrotoxicity? (2)
- aminoglycocides (gent and steptomycin)
- tetracyclines (doxycycline)
which abx class is assoicated with hepatotoxicity?
tetracycline
doxycycline
how do cephalosporins work?
what other drug works in this way?
they distrupt bacterial cell wall synthesis (peptidoglycan)
vanco
how often should cephazolin be redosed
q4h
what is the abx of choice for pts with active MRSA
vanco
