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APES Flashcards > APES Unit 3 - Population > Flashcards

APES Unit 3 - Population Flashcards

1
Q

Age structure diagram

A

A visual representation of the number of individuals within specific age groups for a country.

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2
Q

Biotic potential

A

The maximum rate at which a population could increase under ideal conditions.

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3
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support long term.

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4
Q

Competition

A

A common demand by two or more organisms upon a limited supply of a resource; for example, food, water, light, space, or mates.

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5
Q

Contraceptives

A

A device or drug serving to prevent pregnancy.

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6
Q

Crude birth rate

A

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

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7
Q

Crude death rate

A

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

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8
Q

Declining population

A

The reduction of a country’s population over time that is represented by an age structure diagram that is narrower at the base.

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9
Q

Demographic transition model (DTM)

A

The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates to a condition of low crude birth and death rates and a higher total population.

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10
Q

Demography

A

Scientific study of human populations.

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11
Q

Density-dependent limiting factors

A

Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the numbers of organisms and is affected by the number of individuals in a given area.

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12
Q

Density-independent limiting factors

A

Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the numbers of organisms and is the same regardless of the number of individuals in a given area.

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13
Q

Developed countries

A

Countries with relatively high levels of industrialization and income.

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14
Q

Developing countries

A

Countries with relatively low levels of industrialization and income.

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15
Q

Gross domestic product (GDP)

A

A measurement of the total goods and services produced within a country.

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16
Q

Dieback

A

A sudden population decline; also called a population crash.

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17
Q

Doubling time

A

The time required for a population to double in size.

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18
Q

Rule of 70

A

A method for determining the number of years it will take for some measure to double, given its annual percentage increase. 70 divided by the growth rate equals doubling time in years.

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19
Q

Ecosystem

A

A system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment; includes biotic and abiotic factors.

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20
Q

Emigration

A

Movement of individuals out of a population.

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21
Q

Immigration

A

Movement of individuals into a population.

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22
Q

Epidemic

A

An outbreak of an infectious disease that is widespread in a certain area.

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23
Q

Exponential growth

A

Population growth that is unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population. Exhibits a J-shaped growth curve.

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24
Q

Fecundity

A

The potential reproductive capacity of an individual or population.

25
Q

Fertility

A

The amount of offspring actually produced by an individual or population.

26
Q

Generalist species

A

Species with a broad ecological niche. They can live in many different places, eat a variety of foods, and tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions.

27
Q

Specialist species

A

Species with a narrow ecological niche. They may be able to live in only one type of habitat, tolerate only a narrow range of climatic and other environmental conditions, or use only one type or a few types of food.

28
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.

29
Q

Intrinsic growth rate

A

Number of births minus number of deaths in a population.

30
Q

Lag time

A

Period of slow population growth due to a small population size.

31
Q

Life expectancy

A

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live given current conditions.

32
Q

Logistic growth

A

Growth pattern in which a population’s growth is exponential but then slows levels off. Exhibits an S-shaped growth curve.

33
Q

Malthusian Theory

A

The theory that population grows exponentially while food supply grows linearly.

34
Q

Mortality

A

Death rate.

35
Q

Death rate

A

The number of deaths in a given period divided by the population exposed to risk of death in that period.

36
Q

Municipal

A

Relating to a city, town, or local government.

37
Q

Overshoot

A

The number of individuals in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment leading to a dieback.

38
Q

Pandemic

A

A outbreak of an infectious disease that is worldwide.

39
Q

Per capita

A

Per person.

40
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

41
Q

Population density

A

A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land.

42
Q

Population growth rate

A

Change in population size due to births, deaths, and migration of individuals in and out of the population.

43
Q

Population momentum

A

Continued population growth that does not slow in response to growth reduction measures due to a large number of individuals of reproductive age.

44
Q

Replacement fertility

A

The total fertility rate at which women would have only enough children to replace themselves and their partner.

45
Q

r-selected species

A

Species that reproduce early in their life span and produce large numbers of usually small and short-lived offspring in a short period.

46
Q

K-selected species

A

Species that produce a few, often fairly large offspring but invest a great deal of time and energy to ensure that most of those offspring reach reproductive age.

47
Q

Stable population

A

Population where there is no net population growth, as shown by an age structure diagram that is straight up and down.

48
Q

Survivorship curve

A

A graph showing the number of members of a cohort that are still alive at each age.

49
Q

Total fertility rate (TFR)

A

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

50
Q

Type I Survivorship curve

A

A survivorship curve in which newborns, juveniles, and young adults all have high survival rates and death rates do not begin to increase greatly until old age.

51
Q

Type II Survivorship curve

A

A survivorship curve in which individuals experience a constant chance of surviving from one age to the next throughout their lives.

52
Q

Type III Survivorship curve

A

A survivorship curve in which individuals die at very high rates when they are young, but those that reach adulthood survive well later in life.

53
Q

Histogram

A

a bar graph depicting a frequency distribution

54
Q

Biotic

A

Describes living factors in the environment.

55
Q

Abiotic

A

physical rather than biological; not derived from living organisms.

56
Q

Cohort

A

A population group unified by a specific common characteristic, such as age, and subsequently treated as a statistical unit.

57
Q

Finite resources

A

limited resources that will eventually run out / be exhausted

58
Q

Family planning

A

Providing information, clinical services, and contraceptives to help people choose the number and spacing of children they want to have.

APES Flashcards (6 decks)

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