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APES Flashcards > APES Unit 2 - Biodiversity > Flashcards

APES Unit 2 - Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

Adaptation

A

Any inherited trait (physical or behavioral) that increases an organism’s ability to survive and/or reproduce.

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2
Q

Biodiversity hotspot

A

An area that has an exceptionally high amount of different species and is prioritized by conservationists for preservation.

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3
Q

Bottleneck effect

A

A reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a sudden reduction in the population size.

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4
Q

Camouflage

A

The ability of an organism to blend into its surroundings.

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5
Q

Climax community

A

A stable, mature community that occurs at the “end” of succession.

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6
Q

Cultural services

A

Aesthetic, spiritual, or recreational benefits from nature. (Tourism)

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7
Q

Disturbance

A

Any event that results in changes in an ecosystem.

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8
Q

Ecological tolerance

A

The range of conditions in which a species can survive.

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9
Q

Ecosystem diversity

A

Variety of habitats within an area.

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10
Q

Ecosystem services

A

Benefits provided to humans by the natural world.

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11
Q

Endemic species

A

Organisms that are native to and only found in one area.

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12
Q

Episodic

A

Occurring at irregular intervals.

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13
Q

Evolution

A

The gradual change in a species over time.

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14
Q

Extirpation

A

“Localized extinction” where all of a species disappears from a certain area only.

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15
Q

Genetic diversity

A

The variety of DNA within populations in an area.

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16
Q

Geographic isolation

A

Physical separation of individuals in a population that can lead to an accumulation of genetic differences between the groups.

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17
Q

Geological time

A

Periods, epochs, and eras of millions of years used to study change in the earth over its entire history.

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18
Q

Indicator species

A

Organisms that by their presence or abundance provide information about the health of an eviornment.

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19
Q

Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis

A

The concept that moderate levels of disturbance can foster greater species diversity than low or high levels of disturbance.

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20
Q

Island Biogeography

A

Proposes that the number of species found on an undisturbed island is determined by colonization and extinction rates; highest biodiversity will be on a larger size island that is closer to the mainland.

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21
Q

Keystone species

A

Organisms that have an unusually large impact on the ecosystem; not necessarily the most abundant organisms in the ecosystem.

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22
Q

Lichen

A

Symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism that is able to grow on bare rock and act as a pioneer species.

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23
Q

Migration

A

Movement of organisms from one are to another, typically seasonally.

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24
Q

Mimicry

A

Ability of an organism to look like another organism.

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25
Q

Mutation

A

Any change in DNA that might have a positive, negative, or no effect.

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26
Q

Natural selection

A

The principle that since not all organisms will survive and reproduce, those that are well-suited to their environment will be most likely to survive and pass on their genes.

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27
Q

Opportunistic species

A

Species that can quickly inhabit a new area and take advantage of new resources.

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28
Q

Periodic

A

Occurring at regular, fixed intervals.

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29
Q

pH

A

The measure of how acidic or basic something is, obtained by measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions.

30
Q

pH scale

A

Measurement of 0-14 with smaller numbers being more acidic and larger numbers being more basic/alkaline.

31
Q

Phylogeny

A

The evolutionary history of a group of species showing how they are related.

32
Q

Pioneer species

A

The first species to populate an area during the process of succession.

33
Q

Primary succession

A

Series of change in an environment that does not have any living organisms or soil present.

34
Q

Provisioning services

A

Products that are obtained from nature, such as food or lumber.

35
Q

Random

A

Occurring with no pattern whatsoever.

36
Q

Regulating services

A

Ways that nature controls the environment to maintain conditions, such as climate or water quality.

37
Q

Salinity

A

Measure of amount of salts dissolved in water.

38
Q

Secondary succession

A

Series of changes that occur in an ecosystem that has been disrupted but still has soil and living organisms present.

39
Q

Speciation

A

The formation of a new species.

40
Q

Species diversity

A

The variety of different kinds of organisms in a community.

41
Q

Species evenness

A

The relative abundance of different species in a community; the proportions of each.

42
Q

Species richness

A

The number of different species present in a community.

43
Q

Succession

A

A series of predictable change occurring in an area after is has been disturbed.

44
Q

Supporting services

A

Benefits from nature that allow us to live, such as nutrient cycling and soil formation.

45
Q

Background extinction

A

Normal rate of extinction of various species as a result of changes in local environmental conditions.

46
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of life in an ecosystem.

47
Q

Captive breeding

A

The mating of animals in zoos or wildlife preserves.

48
Q

CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)

A

1973 treaty facilitated by the United Nations that protects endangered species by banning the international transport of their body parts.

49
Q

Edge effects

A

Different environmental conditions that occur along the boundaries of two ecosystems.

50
Q

Endangered species

A

A species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of extinction.

51
Q

Endangered Species Act

A

1973 law that identifies threatened and endangered species in the US, and puts their protection ahead of economic considerations.

52
Q

Extinction

A

When a species no longer has any known living individuals.

53
Q

Fitness

A

Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.

54
Q

Generalist species

A

Organisms with a broad ecological niche, meaning they can live in many different places, eat a variety of foods, and tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions.

55
Q

Habitat corridors

A

Natural strips of land that allow the migration of organisms from one wilderness to another.

56
Q

Habitat fragmentation

A

Breakup of a habitat into smaller separated pieces such as by roads or canals.

57
Q

HIPPCO

A

Acronym for the main causes of decreasing biodiversity: habitat destruction, invasive species, population growth, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation.

58
Q

Invasive species

A

A species that enters a new ecosystem and multiplies, harming native species and their habitats.

59
Q

Mass extinction

A

An event during which many species die out during a relatively short period of time.

60
Q

Native species

A

Species that normally live and thrive in a particular ecosystem.

61
Q

Non-native species

A

A species not naturally found in an area.

62
Q

Overexploitation

A

Practice of harvesting or hunting to such a degree that remaining individuals may not be able to replenish the population.

63
Q

Poaching

A

Illegal killing or removal of wildlife from their habitats.

64
Q

r-selected species

A

A species that has a high intrinsic growth rate, reproduces many offspring early in life, and has a short life span.

65
Q

Sea level

A

The average level of the ocean’s surface at any given time.

66
Q

Selective pressure

A

Environmental conditions that make it harder for an organism to survive and reproduce.

67
Q

Threatened species

A

A species that could become endangered in the near future.

68
Q

K-selected species

A

Species that produce a few, often fairly large offspring but invest a great deal of time and energy to ensure that most of those offspring reach reproductive age.

69
Q

Habitat

A

the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

70
Q

Specialist species

A

Organisms with a narrow ecological niche- they can only live in one place, eat few foods, and tolerate a narrow range of environmental conditions.

APES Flashcards (6 decks)

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