apes test

Question 1

carbon cycle

Answer 1

1. plants/animals consume carbon dioxide
2. then they release it through respiration or decomposition
3. the carbon dioxide returns to the atmosphere

Question 2

phosphorus cycle

Answer 2

1. Weathering
2. Absorption of phosphorus by plants
3. Absorption of phosphorus by animals
4. Return to the environment through decomposition

Question 3

Water Cycle

Answer 3

• abundant and renewable
• 71% of earth covered by water
• oceans are the main reservoir
• freshwater is scarce
• most of freshwater is ice
• only 1% of water is readily available

Question 4

Transpiration

Answer 4

: Evaporation in plants
- through leaves, stem, etc.
- both require heat to occur
- both distill water – pollutants are left behind

Question 5

Condensation

Answer 5

: gas to liquid
- creates cloud formation in the atmosphere

Question 6

Groundwater

Answer 6

: water stored under the ground (ex. Aquifiers)
- rainwater infultrates through soil
- often ends up in an ocean or river
- taken up by plants through soil
- humans use wells for irrigation

Question 7

sink

Answer 7

when a reservoir stores more of a nutrient than it releases

Question 8

source

Answer 8

reservoir releases more of a nutrient than it stores

Question 9

carbon sinks

Answer 9

pull co2 from atmosphere and stores it as stable substances

Question 10

resource partitioning

Answer 10

the division of limited resources among different species in order to reduce competition

(ex. 2 different birds live in the SAME oak tree ; except one eats acorns and the other eats insects in the bark)

Question 11

primary producer in the aquatic food chain

Answer 11

phytoplankton

Question 12

describe a terrestrial ecosystem that will have the highest net primary productivity?

Answer 12

Warm temperatures, high rainfall, consistent sunlight

Question 13

biome found in shallow waters off the coastline and is earth’s most biologically diverse marine biome

Answer 13

coral reefs

Question 14

describe the flow of energy in most terrestrial and near-surface marine ecosystems

Answer 14

producers use energy from the sun to make organic matter ; such as sugars, from carbon dioxide and water and are then consumed by organisms higher in the food chain

Question 15

the energy available to consumers determined by (total energy transformed by photosynthesis - energy used by plants)

Answer 15

net primary productivity

Question 16

this rate of reaction can be measured in the dark by determining the amount of oxygen gas consumed in a period of time

Answer 16

cellular respiration

Question 17

freshwater biome characterized by fast-flowing water that can originate from underground springs or runoff, which carries sediment and organic material

Answer 17

rivers

Question 18

terrestrial biome that has the highest primary productivity per unit area

Answer 18

tropical rain forest

Question 19

types of organisms that are required to complete the nitrogen cycle, including the process of denitrification?

Answer 19

bacteria

Question 20

majority of nitrogen on earth can be found in which of the following reservoirs?

Answer 20

the atmosphere

Question 21

nutrient-rich environment created by falling leaves and trapped organic material from the large trees ; and it provides the ecosystem service of filtering pollutants from water

Answer 21

freshwater wetlands

Question 22

key component of the hydrologic cycle that powers the movement of water

Answer 22

the sun (through transpiration and evaporation)