ap psych first test Flashcards
Nature Vs. Nurture
how genetics influence an individual’s personality, whereas nurture refers to how their environment effects them
person vs. situation
mind vs body
stability vs change
diversity vs. universality
Biological
genetic influence
humanistic
believing that we need others to help reach our “fullest potential”
ex. a student will not thrive if being bullied
behavioral
OBSERVABLE behaviors ;
cognitive
how we process, store, and interpret information in our mental processes.
ex. a person may withdraw socially if THEY believe no one likes them
evolutionary
how traits/behaviors evolve over time ; ex. why are sports so popular in our country?
- because we have been inheritly valuing competition forever…?
psychodynamic
relies heavily on how the past has influenced an individuals psychological state
sociocultural
influence of culture into your life
Hindsight bias
thinking you knew something that you didn’t
“i knew it all along”
“ i knew i shouldve put C”
overconfidence
false and misleading overestimated assessment of of our skills
ex.
“it’ll only take 2 minutes”
percieving order in random events (gamblers fallacy)
perceiving patterns in random data because our mind loves predictability
“that next car has gotta be red!”
illusory correlation
Perception of a relationship when one does not exist
why is random sampling important?
generalization/ with a random sample everyone has an equal chance of being selected
scientific method
- generate a question
- formulate a theory
3.develop a hypothesis - test hypothesis
- replicate or revise
case study
thorough study of a single person/multiple people, community, or event that relies on observations, facts, or experiments to gather info
pro: in depth view of one individual
con: tough to generalize from one person
survey
quantitative research method involving a list of questions filled out by a group of people to assess attitudes or opinions.
pros: can get a vast amount of information easy
con: sampling bias
naturalistic observation
a method that involves observing subjects in their natural environment. The goal is to look at behavior in a natural setting without intervention.
pros: Behavior is more likely to be genuine
cons:
- Can’t manipulate environment or “freeze” the situation to study an event in depth
- More difficult to be “systematic”
CORRELATION DOES NOT PROVE ______
causation
Third Variable problem
income gives access to resources books that makes u read more
socio aspect of sociocultural can be…
- income
- gender
- access to stuff
- ethnicity
- religion
