APE Unit 4 Flashcards
Deism
The belief that God had created the world and set it in motion, and then left it to run on its own according to natural law
Deism is what French philosopher Voltaire espoused, while they accepted God, they rejected organized religion and its insistence.
Enlightened Absolutism
The rejection of the concepts that expressingly limited their own political power
An Enlightenment idea that had been embraced by 18th century rulers.
Enlightenment
The period of intellectual history set in motion by the application of the scientific method to political, social, economic, and religious institutions.
One of the most important periods that had brought in many concerns to a variety of topics.
Free Market
Free market is an economic system in which prices for goods and services are determined by the open market and consumers, with minimal government intervention.
With the government getting less involved with different aspects of life this meant more freedom for Europeans everywhere. It also lead to an increase of consumerism.
Neoclassicism
Neoclassicism was the movement after the Rococo period. Neoclassicists honored the secular values of reason and order and upheld the classical ideals of simplicity and symmetry.
Neoclassicism was inspired by the cultural values of ancient Greece. It was different to Baroque glorification of the church and court.
Salons
Salons became popular new institutions that spread Enlightenment ideas. French salons consisted mostly of women.
In places other than France women were less allowed to be a part of the discussion, so salons were important because women were a part of the discussion.
Scientific Method
An approach based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning
A majorly used term that is used when it comes to scientists conducting their experiment.
Social Contract
A social contract was a mutually beneficial agreement struck between the government and the people governed.
If citizens thought the rulers were not respecting their rights and protecting what the social contract entailed they had the right to demand a change.
Nicolaus Copernicus
A Polish mathematician, scholar, and natural philosopher, who studied physics.
Nicolaus was one of the first Europeans to challenge the classical view.
Galileo Galilei
Italian mathematician, who was the first European to build and use the telescope.
Galileo Galilei was a big aspect for the Scientific Revolution, as he was known of being ‘guilty with heresy’ to the Catholic Church
Isaac Newton
An English mathematician and physicist that supported the scientific method by bringing two complementary forms of reasoning together.
Isaac Newton is one of the most well known scientists, he is known for his discovery of gravity, 3 laws of motion, and bringing complimentary forms into the scientific method.
Volitaire
Voltaire was a French philosopher in 1694-1778 he advocated for religious tolerance and freedom of speech. He was known for criticizing the French aristocracy.
He called the government out on their corrupt and ignorant ways. He was exiled from Paris and was imprisoned for his ideas that went against those in power.
Denis Diderot
A French philosopher that was fascinated by the idea that everything in the natural world could be cataloged and described.
His work was widespread all throughout Europe. He placed human reason as the foundation of all knowledge.
John Locke
A philosopher believed that since humans are governed by natural law endowed by a creator, they possess natural rights.
His ideas about natural rights changed the way some governments operated in relation to its citizens. He was an influential figure during the Enlightenment.
Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a French philosopher in 1632-1704 who is famous for his work, The Social Contract. He promoted the concept of an agreement between the government and the people governed.
He thought a state existed to promote liberty and equality of its citizens, he thought that people had power and laws should only be respected if the people agreed.
Adam Smith
Adam Smith was a Scottish Philosopher who was known for being an influential economic reformer.
He was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and a key figure during the Enlightenment, especially in Scotland. He promoted the idea of Free markets.
Commercial Revolution
The Commercial Revolution was a period of commerce and trade. It brought an advance in shipping and exploration.
It led to more trade overseas with the Americas and other countries. It leads to an increase in the production of things.
