APE Unit 3 Flashcards
Glorious Revolution
When William and Mary became king and queen Parliament required them to accept a Bill of Rights. In addition to stemming England from religious to political conflicts.
The Bill of Rights made monarchs share their power with Parliament and overall gave Parliament more power.
English Civil War
The English Civil War (1642-1651) was a result of the absolutist monarchy England had.
The English Civil war started because of the Stuart family’s idea of what the monarchy should be, the civil war started because of the major tension between the Stuarts and parliament.
Peace of Westphalia
What ended the Thirty Years’ War also known as the wars of religion. (1618-1648)
With the end of the wars, European nations started to want to have more in the balance of power and changed their diplomatic and military objectives.
Agricultural Revolution
The Agricultural Revolution started in the early 1700s, it was a series of breakthroughs that increased agricultural production. The new inventions made the labour a bit easier and more efficient.
This revolution changed how people farmed, the amount of people needed for farming, and of course how much was being produced. With agriculture being produced so much more there was much less food related crisis.
Enclosure Movement
The enclosure movement was a series of laws allowing for the sale of public land.
The enclosure movement contributed to many people moving out of farms to cities.
English Bill of Rights
Parliament created the Bill of Rights before William and Mary took control so that Parliament couldn’t be pushed aside by the monarchs.
The Bill of Rights let Parliament meet frequently, approve any change in the law, and approve taxes.
Mercantilism
An economic system designed to build the economic and political strength of a nation. Promoted the idea that countries should export more than they import.
During this time many nations believed they had to compete to gain the greatest share of the world’s wealth because it was limited.
Dutch Republic/Dutch Golden Age
Before 1648 the area of the Dutch Republic was ruled by the Spanish Habsburgs. The 80 year war began, until the Peace of Westphalia was signed. The Dutch won back their independence and they started a constitutional republic government.
The Dutch began to dominate in trade and they were the wealthiest European nation at the time due to their advantageous position geographically. With their good economy the Dutch lived comfortable lives with higher standards than the rest of Europe.
Absolutism in the West (France and Spain)
In France King Louis XIV ruled for 72 years, he was an absolute monarch who heavily believed in his divine right to rule. He wanted his followers to treat him as they did God. In Spain the Habsburgs ruled over Spain, they dominated Europe politically and militarily.
King Louis is the prime example of an absolutist monarch, he had too much power and literally called himself the sun king because he believed everything in France revolved around him. The Habsburgs became a strong dynasty
Absolutism in the East (Russia and Eastern Europe)
The Habsburgs became a stronger power. Maria Theresa was ruler of the dynasty in 1740-1790 she was a traditional Catholic ruler but still made some reforms/ As for Russia Peter the Great was Tsar from 1682-1725 he tried to transform Russia because it was isolated from the rest of Europe. He made many advances to Russia.
Although Maria Theresa was against religious tolerance, her son Joseph II was for religious freedom. He ruled from 1765-1780, he limited the power of the Catholic Church and abolished serfdom.
Peter the Great made technological, social, and commercial advances to Russia since before they were a medieval state, unadvanced compared to the rest of Europe in the 17th century.
Constitutionalism
Constitutionalism is a form of government where the ruler shares the power so that the leader doesn’t have absolute power.
This was a great new form of government that was becoming more popular. Absolutism was still the government system for majority of European nations
Louis XIV
Louis XIV was an absolutist monarch who reigned in 1638-1715, he believed in his divine right and his followers worshiped him as they did God he was known as the Sun King.
He inherited the throne when he was 5 years old and his mother and godfather ruled the country until he was of age.
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Finance minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert instituted mercantilist policies to decrease France’s debt and revitalize its industries.
Louis XIV wanted a stronger economy, Colbert expanded France’s colonies and created a favorable balance of trade.
Peter I of Russia
Peter the Great of Russia was emperor of Russia in 1682, before his reign Russia was isolated from the rest of Europe and the new spread of ideas from the Scientific revolution and the enlightenment.
Peter the Great wanted to modernize Russia and went to other powerful nations to get inspiration on how Russia could change. He founded academies and increased Russia’s naval power so they could compete in trade.
Catherine II of Russia
Catherine the Great of Russia was a constitutional empress in 1762 who promoted many Enlightenment ideas during her reign.
She supported formal education for young women, restricted the practice of torture, and allowed for more religious toleration.
Jean Bodin
Jean Bodin was a French philosopher in 1530-1596. He believed in absolutism and thought rulers should control the state.
With his thinking, rulers should rule without anyone’s consent.
