APA Ethics

Question 1

APA code of ethnics: two factors

Answer 1

General principles and enforceable

Question 2

General principles

Answer 2

describes an ideal level of ethical functioning, or what to strive for

Question 3

Enforceable

Answer 3

Ethical standards: includes rules of conduct that can mandate minimal levels of behavior and ca be specifically violated

Question 4

Confidentiality

Answer 4

In general, psychologists are ethically obligated to maintain confidentiality- Jaffee vs. Redmond

Question 5

Jaffee v. Redmond

Answer 5

doctor/patient relationship exists in therapist/social workers where

Question 6

Exceptions to confidentiality

Answer 6

if the case involves: child abuse, elderly abuse, suicidal thoughts, duty to warn (Tarasoff)

Question 7

Aspirational values

Answer 7

1. Beneficence and nonmaleficence
2. Fidelity and responsibility
3. Integrity
4. Justice
5. Respect for people’s rights

Question 8

Beneficence and nonmaleficence

Answer 8

strive to do no harm; to benefit someone

Question 9

Fidelity

Answer 9

you need to establish trust with people whom you work with and holding professional conduct; upholding ethical boundary of confidentiality

Question 10

Integrity

Answer 10

presenting our field in the most accurate way; inspires psychologists to strive to be honest and accurate in all the work that they do as psychologists?

Question 11

Justice

Answer 11

treating everyone equally and fairly

Question 12

Many behaviors fall in “gray area” in between:

Answer 12

i. Lots of difficult judgement calls
ii. Balancing out welfare of client/legal responsibility
iii. Competing ethical standards (e.g., confidentiality vs. client safety)

Question 13

Disclosures: these are the only times you are permitted to break confidentiality

Answer 13

1) if you need professional service 2) obtain appropriate professional consultation 3)protect the client/patients from harm 4) or obtain payment for services

Question 14

BEST COURSE OF ACTION

Answer 14

discuss limits EARLY

Question 15

Confidentiality: children

Answer 15

1) often they are more open if assured parents wn’t find out 2) parents have the right to be informed 3) discuss what will be shared and not shared up front

Question 16

Confidentiality:Forensic

Answer 16

1) no confidentiality 2) court/third party has access to all information 3) forensic warning

Question 17

Confidentiality: Research

Answer 17

participants’ data must be secured and coded for confidentiality

Question 18

Julea Ward from Paprocki

Answer 18

a. She is violating code of ethics b/c it bars discrimination based on sexual orientation
b. Whether she was in the right to request for a transfer- 1) boundaries of confidence- if you don’t have confidence in a demographic, then you can either get expertise, or transfer 2) was it discomfort, or incompetence? – but I think they are interrelated
c. Justice

Question 19

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence was an aspirational principle cited frequently as relating to the vignette in the Paprocki article. All of the following ethical considerations were discussed in the article as related to this principle EXCEPT:

Answer 19

prereventing access to therapy for a client based on a demographic characteristic

Question 20

What is a professional values statement as explained in the context of the Paprocki article?

Answer 20

One’s recognition and willingness to work with clients from diverse backgrounds who hold beliefs different from one’s own

Question 21

Paprocki refers to a theoretical model that describes how trainees can approach their professional values and personal values. What is meant by an assimilation approach?

Answer 21

the trainee relies mostly on the values of the profession

Question 22

Ethical Code Standard 2.01 advises professionals who are not competent to work with certain populations (or who do not seek appropriate training) to make an appropriate referral for their client (presumably to another clinician/agency). However, this standard appears to conflict with Standard 3.01, which states that psychologists should not do what?

Answer 22

discriminate against clients based on demographic characteristics

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of what constitutes a “multiple relationship?”

Answer 23

a psychologist has a professional role with multiple people who work in the same setting (the multiple people work in the same setting, but they are not in the same work setting as the psychologist)

Question 24

Multiple relationship

Answer 24

1. a psychologist has a relationship (professional or non-professional) with a person closely related to one of the psychologist’s clients
2. the psychologist is currently in a professional role with someone and plans to enter into another relationship with that individual in the future
3. a psychologist shares a professional role and another role with an individual

Question 25

Which of the following is not typically included in the informed consent process for research?

Answer 25

Relevant and anticipated fees for participating in the research

Question 26

What is included in the informed consent process for research?

Answer 26

Predictable risks of the research
Incentives for participating in the research
Purpose of the research

procedures, and length of time it may require;
any predictable risks or adverse effects;
right to decline or withdraw from participation.
If the study is an investigation of a treatment method, psychologists should also inform clients that the treatment is experimental in nature, that some clients may be assigned to groups that receive no treatment (control groups), and of available alternative treatments outside the scope of the current study.

Question 27

What makes a multiple relationship unethical?

Answer 27

the psychologist is unable to remain objective due to the multiple relationship

Question 28

Cultural competence

Answer 28

the counselor’s acquisition of awareness, knowledge and skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic democratic society

Question 29

Cultural self-awareness

Answer 29

an appreciation of the clinical psychologists’ own unique cultural viewpoint; that comes to understand his or her viewpointis unique and idiosyncratic- several conclusion are within reach

Question 30

Separation

Answer 30

in which the individual rejects much of the new culture and retains much of the original

Question 31

Integration

Answer 31

in which the individual adopts much of the new culture and retains much of the original

Question 32

Respect for People’s Rights

Answer 32

“Psychologists respect the dignity and worth of all people, and the rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination.”

Question 33

Duty to warn

Answer 33

since the Tarasoff case set the legal precedent, clinical psychologists (and other therapists) have understood that there are limits to their confidentiality agreements with clients and that they have a duty to warn people toward whom their clients make credible, serious threats.

Question 34

Informed Consent Process in Assessment

Answer 34

psychologists should offer information about the nature and purpose of the assessment; any relevant fees; the involvement of other parties, if any; and limits of confidentiality (e.g., duty-to-warn or child abuse situations).

Question 35

Informed Consent Process in Therapy

Answer 35

psychologists inform clients/patients as early as is feasible in the therapeutic relationship about the nature and anticipated course of therapy, fees, involvement of third parties, and limits of confidentiality and provide sufficient opportunity for the client/patient to ask questions and receive answers.

it is an on-going process; rather than one-time thing

Question 36

Regarding competence, psychologists should

Answer 36

(1) ensure that their professional activities match their training and expertise, (2) make efforts to avoid any negative impact of burnout or personal problems on their work, and (3) attain cultural competence for a diverse range of clients.