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Aero Phys > AP103 Altitude Threats > Flashcards

AP103 Altitude Threats Flashcards

1
Q

During ascent (as ambient pressure decreases), gases trapped within the body cavities will _____

A

Expand

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2
Q

What are the four areas of the body influenced by the mechanical effects of trapped gases

A

Ears, Sinuses, G.I. tract, Teeth

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3
Q

What is the best method of preventing problems with the ears and sinuses in-flight?

A

Do not fly with a cold

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4
Q

What are the four DCS types?

A

Bends, Chokes, Skin manifestations, and CNS (neurological manifestations

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5
Q

Symptoms of the Bends

A

-Deep, dull boring pain in a joint
-Pain may involve the muscles
-Usually occurs in shoulders, knees, elbows, and ankles

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6
Q

Symptoms of the Chokes

A

-Deep, sharp pain centrally located under the sternum
-Difficulty with inspiration

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7
Q

Symptoms of Skin Manifestations

A

-Mottles and diffuse rash
-Itching sensation

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8
Q

Symptoms of CNS

A

-Visual disturbance
-Partial paralysis, loss of speech or hearing
-Severe, persistent headache
-Vertigo, loss of orientation
-Tingling of one arm, leg, or side of the body

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9
Q

DCS is caused by ____ coming out of solution in the tissues and blood

A

Nitrogen

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10
Q

List, in order, the corrective actions for any suspected/observed DCS

A
  1. 100% or maximum oxygen
  2. Immobilize the affected area
  3. Land as soon as practical
  4. Obtain medical assistance (flight surgeon)
  5. Hyperbaric therapy
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11
Q

What is considered adequate protection against DCS

A

Cabin pressure and denitrogenation

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12
Q

The USAF forbids flight within ______ hours of compressed air exposure for all normal flying operations

A

24

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13
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

A state of oxygen deficiency in the blood, cells, or tissues sufficient to cause impairment of function

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14
Q

What kind of hypoxia is usually caused by exposure to low barometric pressure?

A

Hypoxic hypoxia

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15
Q

What are the four types of hypoxia?

A

Hypoxic hypoxia, Stagnant hypoxia, Hypemic hypoxia, Histotoxic hypoxia

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16
Q

Causes of Hypoxic hypoxia

A

-Loss of cabin pressurization
-Improper use of oxygen equipment
-Oxygen equipment malfunctions

17
Q

Causes of Stagnant hypoxia

A

-Cold temperatures
-Shock
-Hyperventilation
-G Forces

18
Q

Causes of Hypemic hypoxia

A

-Drugs
-Carbon monoxide
-Blood donation

19
Q

Causes of Histotoxic hypoxia

A

-Alcohol
-Cyanide

20
Q

What is the most dangerous characteristic of hypoxia?

A

Insidious onset

21
Q

What are signs/symptoms are normal associated with hypoxia?

A

-Bluing (cyanosis)
-Impaired Vision
-Hot or cold flashes
-Dizziness
-Lightheadedness
-Loss of muscle coordination
-Apprehension
-Feeling of well being
-Tingling
-Impaired judgement/confusion

22
Q

True or False: The time of onset of hypoxia and the severity of symptoms are identical with all crewmembers from one day to the next

A

False

23
Q

What is the term for the period of time from the interruption of the oxygen supply or exposure to on oxygen poor environment, to the time when useful function is lost?

A

Time of useful consciousness (TUC)

24
Q

What factors decrease TUC?

A

-Increased physical activity
-Stress
-Hypoxia (histotoxic, hypemic, stagnant)
-Rapid decompression
-Anxiety
-Increased altitude

25
Q

How much can a rapid decompression reduce your TUC?

A

50%

26
Q

What happens to your breathing during hyperventilation?

A

The rate and depth is abnormally increased

27
Q

Hypocapnia causes an excessive loss of _____ from the lungs and bloods

A

Carbon Dioxide

28
Q

Five signs of Hypocapnia

A
  • Muscle tightness/spasms
    -Increased rate/depth of breathing
    -Paleness
    -Cold, clammy skin
    -Unconsciousness
29
Q

Five symptoms of Hypocapnia

A

-Dizziness
-Faintness
-Slight nausea
-Numbness
-Tingling
-Coolness
-Muscle tremors

30
Q

True or False: The most frequent cause of hypocapnia in flying training is stress

A

True

31
Q

Crewmembers emergency procedures for the treatment of hypocapnia and or hypoxia

A
  1. Maximum oxygen under pressure
  2. Connections - Check security
  3. Breathe at a rate and depth slightly less than normal until symptoms disappear
  4. Descend below 10,000 feet MSL and land as soon as practical
32
Q
A

Aero Phys (11 decks)

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