AP world unit 6

Question 1

Qianlong

Answer 1

Chinese emperor who wrote a famous letter to British monarch that rejected British request for a less restricted trade route

Question 2

China’s internal conflicts

Answer 2

• overpopulation
• Became unable to effectively perform many functions like tax collecting, social welfare
• Result: central government lost power to officials in the provinces and local landowners

Question 3

bandit gangs

Answer 3

Oppose Qing dynasty bc of its foreign Manchu origins

Question 4

Taiping Uprising

Answer 4

massive Chinese rebellion involving an odd form of Christianity; At one point they held Nanjing and threatened the Qing dynasty, but then gentry landowners crushed it; based on the millenarian teachings of Hong Xiuquan.

Question 5

Hong Xiuquan

Answer 5

Chinese religious leader who sparked the Taiping Uprising and won millions to his unique form of Christianity, according to which he himself was the younger brother of Jesus, sent to establish a “heavenly kingdom of great peace” on earth

Question 6

Taiping uprising resolution

Answer 6

• more power to gentry
  -intense conservatism
  -civil war weaken economy

Question 7

gentry

Answer 7

Wealthy landowning class

Question 8

Opium War

Answer 8

War between Britain and the Qing Empire that was, in the British view, occasioned by the Qing government’s refusal to permit the importation of opium into its territories; the victorious British imposed the one-sided Treaty of Nanking on China.

Question 9

Treaty of Nanjing

Answer 9

1842, ended Opium war, said the western nations would determine who would trade with china, so it set up the unequal treaty system which allowed western nations to own a part of chinese territory and conduct trading business in china under their own laws; this treaty set up 5 treaty ports where westerners could live, work, and be treated under their own laws; one of these were Hong Kong.

Question 10

2nd Opium War

Answer 10

• imperial powers: economy struggle bc they were economically dominated by foreign powers who forced trade agreements

Question 11

Self-strengthening

Answer 11

a policy promoted by reformers toward the end of the Qing dynasty under which China would adopt Western technology while keeping its Confucian values and institutions

Question 12

Boxer Uprising

Answer 12

A group of Chinese formed a secret society called The Righteous Harmonious Fists, their goal was to drive out foreign devils who were polluting the land with non traditional [Chinese] ways; Chinese people who resent imperialism— especially Chinese conversion to Christianity

Question 13

Sick Man of Europe

Answer 13

Western Europe’s unkind nickname for the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a name based on the sultans’ inability to prevent Western takeover of many regions and to deal with internal problems; it fails to recognize serious reform efforts in the Ottoman state during this period.

Question 14

Ottoman Fall

Answer 14

• central state weakened
  -Janissaries lost military edge
  -Europe got direct trade to Asia w/ Suez Canal

Question 15

capitulation

Answer 15

agreements btw europe/ ottoman that grant west exemption from ottoman law/ tax
helped europe into their economy, eroded ottoman soverignty

Question 16

Sultan Selim III

Answer 16

first to institue reforms known as Tazimat reforms that modernized the army and navy– the ulamas and janissaries dislike him; he was the first to attempt reforms in the Ottoman Empire

Question 17

Tanzimat Reforms

Answer 17

Series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style universities, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms; resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876

Question 18

Young Ottomans

Answer 18

Group of would-be reformers in the mid-nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire that included lower-level officials, military officers, and writers; they urged the extension of Westernizing reforms to the political system.

Question 19

Young Turks

Answer 19

group who wanted to abandon Islam and practice secular (non-religious) governance

Question 20

Mathew Perry

Answer 20

commodore of American navy who forced the Japanese to open their doors to US trade.

Question 21

Shogun

Answer 21

A general who ruled Japan in the emperor’s name

Question 22

Daimyo

Answer 22

A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai

Question 23

Meiji Restoration

Answer 23

In 1868, a Japanese state-sposored industrialization and westernization effort that also involved the elimination of the Shogunate and power being handed over to the Japanese Emperor, who had previously existed as mere spiritual/symbolic figure.

Question 24

Japan changes post- Meiji restoration

Answer 24

Genuine national unity by eliminating the daimyo and samurai give up swords. 2. The Confucian based social order is eliminated 3. Adoption of European science and technology 4. Most importantly, state-guided industrialization

Question 25

Anglo-Japanese Treaty

Answer 25

Acknowledged Japan as an equal player among the Great Powers of the world.

Question 26

Russo-Japanese War

Answer 26

War between Russia and Japan; Japan wins and takes parts of Manchuria under its control.

Question 27

WWI Causes

Answer 27

Nationalism, Imperialism, Alliance Systems, and Militarism all were causes of WWI along with the immediate cause–the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.