AP WORLD TEST 1.1 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of civilization?
division of labor, a surplus of food, an organized government and religion, and a writing/recording system
What are Primary Sources?
An artifact, recording, or diary that was created during the event that occured. It is an original source of information.
What are Secondary Sources?
A source of information that was created later by someone who was not present during the event that they were researching about. Ex: Books and articles
Whats the difference between Primary and Secondary sources?
Primary sources have more accurate and specific information.
What was the Dynastic Cycle?
A pattern of the rise and fall of the dynasties in China. The Mandate of Heaven played an important role on this.
What was the Mandate of Heaven?
The belief that heaven gave a Chinese emperor the power to rule. It required them to respect the people and their ancestors. If they lost this mandate, natural disasters and rebellion would overthrow the dynasty and start a new one.
What was the Chinese geography like?
The Himalyan, Tien Shan, and Atlas mountains protected China from the West, as well as the Yellow Sea protecting the East and the Gobi Desert protecting the North
What was the Hundred Schools/Warring States Period?
A period in which China was divided into states and were at war between each other
What was the Zhou dynasty and what was it known for?
The period of time which the warring states happened; this brought about the rise of Confuciuanism and Daoism to end the fighting.
What was Confucianism?
The religion in which Confucius taught; teaches the importance of love, relationships, education, and filial piety
What were the Analects?
The ancient scripts and teachings of Confucius made into a book, the Analects; became important for the education system in China and for getting a job in the Chiense government
Who was Confucius?
The founder of Confucianism; model who brought about the idea of filial piety and the Five Key Relationships
What was virtue in Confucianism?
The qualities of a complete or realized human being; benevolent, right, propriety, wisdom, and fidelity
What were the Five Key relationships?
Father to son, Ruler to Subject, Older Brother to Younger Brother, Friend to friend, husband to wife
What is Filial Piety?
Respecting and taking care of your parents until they pass away
What was Neo Confucianism?
The revival of Confucianism from a temporary downfall of Confucianism, when Buddhism and other religions were widely spread around China
What was the Chinese bureaucracy?
The system of government in which the highly educated (who took tests on the qualities of Confucism and education) have official positions and are qualified to make important decisions.
What was the the examination system?
The test taken that students prepare for to recieve official gov’t positions. Tested on Confucianism and education
How did Buddhism spread into China?
Through cultural diffusion; monks from India taught the Chiense about Buddhism which quickly spread within after it sort of ceased in India
What was Daoism?
The philosophy created by Laozi, a legendary philosopher, that taught the way of dualism and
balance between them, as well as nature
Who was Laozi?
The legendary philosopher who created Daoism, his name means “old philosopher”
What was the Daodejing?
A volume created by Laozi, means “The Way and it’s Power”
What role did nature play in Daoism?
Nature was a keystone of Daoism due to the whole philosophy revolving around nature being the Way and it’s invisible force weaving around the universe (harmony between yin and yang)
What was the concept of the Dao?
The Dao means The Way, and the way refers to nature’s invisible force, and returning to the inner self by embracing nature
What was Daoist Dualism?
The concept of Yin and Yang, a balance that created all things within the universe. Yin stands for femininity, earth, cold, darkness, and Yang stands for masculinity, heaven, warm, and light.
What was the Song Dynasty and it’s influence on China?
The Song dynasty was the dynasty that saw the rapid advancement of many things: agriculture, technology, etc.
What was the Indus River Valley?
The site of the first Indian civilization, the Harappan Civilization, next to the Indus River in modern day Pakistan
What was the Harappan Civilization, and where is it modern day?
The first Indian civilization in modern-day Pakistan
What was the Ganges River Valley?
Another great river valley created next to the Ganges River
What was the Hindu-Kush and the Himalayas?
2 great mountains in India which separates it from the rest of Asia
What was the Caste system?
The system brought from the Aryans when they conquered the Indus River Valley, integrated within Hinduism. Consists of a system of rebirth and moving up the caste to escape the cycle.
What is Hinduism?
A religion created from a fusion of other religions, has no founder and is based off the caste system.
Who was Brahman?
The ultimate god of Hinduism - creator of everything
Who are Devas?
Deviations of Brahman - copy gods
What is reincarnation?
A belief commonly held in Buddhism and Hinduism in which once a person dies, they are reincarnated as another being and moves up the caste system or keep being reborn until they reach nirvana.
