AP U.S. History Terms Quarter 2 Flashcards
Union Party
a coalition formed by the Republican Party and War Democrats for the election of 1864.
Jefferson Davis
The President of the Southern Confederacy
Homestead Act of 1862
160 acres of virtually free land to American citizens or soon-to-be citizens between west of the Mississippi
John Wilkes Booth
Lincoln’s assassin
Morrill Act 1862
Federal land within the states was given up to the states so the states could sell it and the money went to establish land grant institutions (public universities like Michigan State University)
National Banking System
Banks that were stable who were willing to invest 1/3 of their assets into the system could use U.S. Treasury Bonds as their own currency (as their bank notes)…Like a National Bank but better.
Copperheads
Peace Democrats in the North. Lincoln considered them to be a great danger to the Union effort.
Gettysburg
Represented the biggest loss of life in any battle fought in the Civil War.
Ten Percent Plan
Lincoln’s Plan for the South to reenter the Union. When ten percent of the number of people who voted in the election of 1860 took an oath of loyalty to the United states, then that state could enter the union.
Carpetbaggers
Northerners who moved South after the Civil War. Many had come with the Freedman’s Bureau. They saw the South as the new frontier and made up part of the Black and Tan state governments.
Antietam
The Bloodiest single day of the war.
Restoration
Andrew Johnson’s plan for reconstruction
Tenure of Office Act
The President cannot remove a cabinet-level appointment without the consent of the Senate….was cause for Johnson’s impeachment
Impeachment
To bring formal charges against
Redeemers
aka the Bourbons. Took power in the Southern states when the Black and Tan governments fell
Andrew Johnson
He and Bill Clinton were the only two presidents to have been impeached. Was Lincoln’s War Democrat vice-president and became president upon Lincoln’s death
U.S. Grant
Hero of the Civil War. Was President of the U.S. after Andrew Johnson.
R.E. Lee
The greatest general of the Confederacy. Surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House.
National Supremacy Amendments
13, 14, 15
B.T. Washington
A Black leader during the Populist Period. His advice was included in the Atlanta Compromise: emulate the white middle class and educate yourselves and contribute to the economy and you will be accepted and will be given your rights.
Credit Moblier
French construction company that cheated the U.S. government and the Union Pacific Railroad out of a bundle of money. The biggest scandal of the Grant administration.
Appomattox Court House
Where Lee surrendered to Grant
Stalwarts
members of the Republican party who used to be conservatives who grew tired of Reconstruction and wanted to concentrate on what was good for them…like the tariff
Compromise of 1877
Settled the controversial election of 1876. Hayes “won.”
Garfield
was shot by Charles Guiteau
Guiteau
Garfield’s assassin.
The Turner Thesis
a myth. Claimed that democracy would never become stale like the governments in Europe because it was constantly reinvented as Americans pushed through the frontier
Manifest Destiny
The belief that Americans had a God-given right to conquer the continent and beyond. Is generally associated with the Westward Movement and American Imperialism
“Das Kapital”
Written by Karl Marx
Karl Marx
Wrote “Das Kapital”
“The Virginian”
written by Oliver Wister
Mark Twain
Wrote Roughing It, Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn
Social Darwinism
“Survival of the fittest.” Applied to indigenous peoples and big business
Geronimo
Last of the great Apache warriors captured in 1886. Sold his picture postcard at the St. Louis World’s Fair
“Origin of Species”
written by Charles Darwin
“A Century of Dishonor”
related savage treatment of the native Americans by the U.S. Written by Helen Hunt Jackson
Dawes (Severalty) Act
(1887) Big change in U.S. Indian policy. Natives were dealt with as individuals (tribe no longer sovereign) Each head of household given 160 acres of land and would gain deed after 25 years
Californios
Hispanic residents of California during the westward movement
Halfbreeds
Republicans who were former Liberals who were former radical reconstructionists…led by Blaine (1880’s)
Mugwumps
(1880’s) Independent republicans who were willing to dessert the party to vote for an honest man…contributed to the election of Cleveland (Dem.)
Chester Arthur
Stalwart (Rep) who became president upon the death of Garfield.
Pendleton Act
(1883) The first Civil Service reform
Cleveland
First Democratic President since the Civil War. Only President to serve two nonconsecutive terms
Benjamin Harrison
Republican President between Cleveland’s two terms
Anson-Burlingame Treaty
(1868) to expedite Chinese Railroad workers coming to the U.S.
Chinese Exclusion Act
(1882) ended Chinese immigration to the U.S.
Pacific Railway Act
set the precedent for the U.S. subsidizing railroads
Horatio Alger
wrote popular stories of young, poor boys who were of good character and who were hard-working and who realized the American Dream because of it
Robber Barons
Captains of industry (Carnegie, Vanderbilt, Gould, J.P. Morgan, Rockefeller) most were not self-made men
Vanderbilt
railroad tycoon in northeast
Carnegie
WAS self-made. Carnegie Steel, wrote Gospel of Wealth
Rockefeller
Standard Oil: a horizontal and vertical trust
“Looking Backward”
written by Edward Bellamy. A futuristic novel describing a socialist utopian society
Knights of Labor
a union open to all except professionals. Founded by Sylvis and came out in the open under Powderly. Wanted to eventually replace wages with a “cooperative” system
Gompers
Led the AFL
