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AP U.S. History Terms Quarter 1 > AP U.S. History Terms Quarter 1 > Flashcards

AP U.S. History Terms Quarter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

St. Augustine, Florida

A

The first permanent Spanish colony in what is now the United States

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2
Q

Conquistadores

A

The earliest Spanish conquerors in the New World. Cortez and Aztecs, Pizarro and Incas

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3
Q

Patroon System

A

To lure settlers to New Amsterdam, the Dutch offered large land holdings to anyone who paid the passage of 50 to 100 people to the New World

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4
Q

Pequot War

A

1636 in Conneticut Native Americans were defeated by the English colonist

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5
Q

Quebec

A

The first permanent French colony in the New World (1608)

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6
Q

Las Casas

A

Spanish missionary who tried to defend Native Americans and was partially responsible for the Spanish using African slave labor

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7
Q

Headright System

A

The English version of the Patroon System. Large tracts of land were given to those who paid the passage of others to come to the New World

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8
Q

King Philip’s War (1675)

A

Early Indian defeat in Massachussets

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9
Q

Jamestown

A

(1607) The first permanent English colony in the New World

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10
Q

Iroquois

A

The most sophisticated political organization to confront the colonists in the New World. Were allied with the English until after the French and Indian War.

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11
Q

Theocracy

A

A government which is led by leaders of the established church.

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12
Q

Encomienda System

A

Allowed the Spanish settlers to use Native American labor in the New World

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13
Q

Roanoke

A

Sir Walter Raleigh failed to establish a permanent colony here

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14
Q

Separatists

A

The Pilgrims who had separated from the Anglican church

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15
Q

Indentured Servitude

A

The preferred form of unfree labor in the British colonies in the first three quarters of the 17th century.

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16
Q

Amerindians

A

Native Americans

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17
Q

John Rolfe

A

saved Jamestown by introducing a milder tobacco to the soil

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18
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

was responsible for Americans using slave labor from Africa rather than continuing to use indentured servitude

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19
Q

Stono Rebellion

A

South Carolina. A slave rebellion in which the runaway slaves tried to escape to Spanish Florida where slavery had been abolished.

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20
Q

Bradford

A

Governor of the Plymouth Plantation and author of History of the Plymouth Plantation

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21
Q

John Winthrop

A

First governor of the Mass. Bay Co.

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22
Q

Roger Williams

A

Founded Rhode Island after his exile from the Mass. Bay Co.

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23
Q

Thomas Hooker

A

Founded Conn. after his exile from the Mass. Bay Co.

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24
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

One of her followers founded New Hampshire after her exile

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25
Q

Ann Bradstreet

A

an early colonial poet

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26
Q

City on a Hill

A

The utopian Christian community that the Puritans had hoped to build in Mass.

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27
Q

Mass. Bay Co.

A

Was the Puritan community in Mass. established in 1630

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28
Q

Virginia House of Burgesses (1619)

A

The first elected legislative body in the English colonies in the New World

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29
Q

Harvard

A

was established in 1636 by the Puritans to train ministers

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30
Q

Governor Berkley

A

Was Virginia’s royal governor during Bacon’s Rebellion

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31
Q

Fundamental Orders of Conn.

A

The first written constitution in the colonies that really worked

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32
Q

Cavaliers

A

Supporters of the defeated British king who fled to Virginia

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33
Q

Quakers

A

AKA the Society of Friends. Believed that all were equal in the eyes of God

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34
Q

Charter of Liberties

A

Pennsylvania’s constitution

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35
Q

William Penn

A

Established Pennsylvania as a sanctuary for Quakers

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36
Q

Oglethorpe

A

One of the philanthropists who founded Georgia

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37
Q

New England Confederation

A

17th Century loose organization of New England towns who worked together to defend themselves from Indian attacks

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38
Q

Dominion of New England

A

James II revoked the charters of settlements east and north of Penn. and made the region into one royal colony.

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39
Q

Andros

A

The royal governor of the Dominion of New England

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40
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

A document which said that those who signed agreed to abide by the rules that the settlers would make together.

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41
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

When William and Mary took the English throne and signed the English Bill of Rights

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42
Q

Navigation Acts

A

Were used by the English to control colonial trade

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43
Q

Huguenots

A

French Protestants who fled to Carolina when the Edict of Nantes was revoked

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44
Q

Primogeniture

A

A common European practice where the oldest son inherited everything from his father

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45
Q

Specie

A

Gold, silver, precious metals

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46
Q

Middle Passage

A

The Route by which most Africans were brought to the New World

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47
Q

George Whitefield

A

A preacher who was a gifted speaker during the First Great Awakening

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48
Q

Jonathan Edwards

A

author of Sinners in the hands of an Angry God

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49
Q

Halfway Convenant

A

An attempt to keep membership in the Puritan church after the Age of Revelation had passed

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50
Q

The First Great Awakening

A

(1730-44) A colony-wide religious revival stressing salvation through the grace of God as well as hellfire and brimstone

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51
Q

Methodism

A

founded by Wesley. Stressed a personal relationship with God based on faith and a born-again kind of experience

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52
Q

Mulatto

A

A child with both European and African blood.

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53
Q

Mestizo

A

A child with both European and Native American blood

54
Q

Toleration Act of 1649

A

An attempt to protect the rights of Catholics in Maryland

55
Q

Zenger Trial

A

A landmark case fro American freedom of the press

56
Q

French and Indian War

A

Began in the Ohio Valley. Was called the Seven Years’ War in Europe

57
Q

Albany Plan of Union (1754)

A

Benjamin Franklin’s plan to unify the colonies under Britain’s leadership for the sole purchase of defense against the Indians

58
Q

William Pitt

A

The British Prime Minister during the French and Indian War

59
Q

Peace of Paris

A

The Treaty that ended the French and Indian War. As a result France was no longer a colonial power

60
Q

Ohio Valley

A

Where the French and Indian War began

61
Q

Patrick Henry

A

Spoke out against the Stamp Act in the Virginia House of Burgesses

62
Q

James Otis

A

Spoke out against the Stamp Act in the Mass. assembly

63
Q

Sam Adams

A

Led the Sons of Liberty

64
Q

Paxton Boys

A

Scotch-Irish who threatened to burn down Philadelphia unless the colonial government addressed the Indian problem

65
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

Author of the Albany Plan of Union. Led the Foreign Affairs committee, edited The Declaration of Independence

66
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

enforced the boycott established by the Stamp Act Congress

67
Q

Mutiny Act

A

said the colonial legislatures had to provide funding for British soldiers in the colonies or face having their legislatures dissolved

68
Q

Sugar Act (1764)

A

like the Molasses Act of 1733 but the Sugar Act was enforced

69
Q

Currency Act

A

Forbade the colonies from printing money. Did cause hardship

70
Q

Writs of Assistance

A

General search warrants used by the British to look for smuggled goods

71
Q

Paul Revere

A

Silversmith responsible for blowing the Boston Massacre out of proportion

72
Q

Mercy Otis Warren

A

Founded the Daughters of Liberty

73
Q

John Dickenson

A

wrote Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies in North America

74
Q

The Gaspee

A

A British revenue ship chasing smugglers on the Delaware River. Was burned by colonists from Rhode Island

75
Q

Coercive Acts

A

aka Intolerable Acts. The British response to the Boston Tea Party

76
Q

Boston Massacre

A

ruled an accident by a colonial jury. British soldiers were defended by John Adams

77
Q

General Gage

A

Was sent to Concord to capture colonial munitions and Patrick Henry and Sam Adams. He was forced to retreat back to Boston empty-handed

78
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

Was the American government throughout most of the Revolutionary War

79
Q

Hessians

A

German mercenaries hired by the British

80
Q

Common Sense

A

a pamphlet written to popularize the war. Written by Tom Paine

81
Q

Thomas Paine

A

Wrote Common Sense

82
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

author of the Declaration of Independence, third U.S. President, Washington’s Sec. of State, co-founder of the Jeffersonian Republican Party

83
Q

George Washington

A

Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, first President of the United States

84
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

written by Jefferson, first indication of an American identity

85
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

American traitor who tried to turn West Point over to the British

86
Q

Lord North

A

British who tried to mend relations with the colonies even after Lexington and Concord

87
Q

William Howe

A

British General who replaced Gates and who was replaced by Clinton

88
Q

Saratoga

A

was the turning point of the Revolutionary war because it convinced the French to join the Americans against the British

89
Q

Valley Forge

A

Where Washington’s troops starved and froze while British troops, led by Howe, were cozy and warm in Philadelphia

90
Q

Yorktown

A

The last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Washington defeated Cornwallis

91
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

Ended the Revolutionary War

92
Q

The Federalist Papers

A

written by Hamilton, Jay and Madison to convince Americans to ratify the Constitution

93
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

wrote 63 of the Federalist Papers, leader of the Federalist Party, Washington’s Sec. of the Treasury, was killed by Aaron Burr

94
Q

John Jay

A

wrote some of the Federalist Papers, was the first Supreme Court Chief Justice

95
Q

Antifederalists

A

folks who opposed the Constitution because they believed the central government had too much power

96
Q

Jay-Gardoqui Treaty

A

U.S. and Spain. The Spanish would allow Americans to trade with the Spanish West Indies if the Americans would give up on claims to the Right of Deposit at the mouth of the Mississippi

97
Q

Jay Treaty (1794)

A

The U.S. and England. Nothing gained by the U.S., caused an uproar in congress, convinced the Spanish to give the U.S> the right of deposit and the Yazoo strip

98
Q

Right of Deposit

A

Americans wanted Spain to agree to allow American ships to use the mouth of the Mississippi in spite of Spain controlling both sides of the mouth because New Orleans was theirs

99
Q

Pinckney Treaty (1795)

A

Spain gave the U.S> the Right of Deposit and the Yazoo strip

100
Q

Judith Murray

A

Wrote Women and Economics

101
Q

Manumission

A

Freedom for slaves

102
Q

Northwest Ordinance (1787)

A

provided for the political development of the land bordered by the Great Lakes, the Mississippi, and the Ohio River

103
Q

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

Provided for the survey and sale of Western land

104
Q

Republican Party

A

founded by Jefferson and Madison to oppose the Federalist Party

105
Q

James Madison

A

Jefferson’s Sec. of State, wrote several of the Federalist Papers, fourth U.S. President

106
Q

XYZ Affair

A

three Americans diplomats were asked by French agents for a bribe. This led to the Quazi War with France (1798-1800)

107
Q

Amendment 12

A

due to the election of 1800. Provided for separate ballots for President and Vice President

108
Q

Quazi War

A

with France (1798-1800). Sparked by the XYZ Affair

109
Q

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

A

written by Madison and Jefferson. Their way to publicize the Federalists’ partisan legislation

110
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

partisan legislation meant to harm the republicans

111
Q

Mad Anthony Wayne

A

fought the Native Americans in the Northwest Territory

112
Q

Treaty of Greenville

A

(1794) ended the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. The Miami Indians of Ohio agreed to give up half of their land and stay off of the warpath for a time.

113
Q

Revolution of 1800

A

Jefferson’s election. One political party replaced another without violence or turmoil.

114
Q

Republican Mother

A

a woman’s most sacred duty is to raise her sons as good republican citizens

115
Q

Midnight Judges

A

After the election of 1800 but before Jefferson was inaugurated, Congress created a whole new string of federal courts and Adams appointed all federalist judges to these posts.

116
Q

John Marshall

A

had been Adams’s Sec of State and Adams appointed him Supreme Court Chief Justice

117
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

(John Marshall) established Judicial Review

118
Q

Aaron Burr

A

Jefferson’s first VP. Killed Hamilton in a duel

119
Q

Washington Irving

A

Wrote Legend of Sleepy Hallow

120
Q

Benjamin Rush

A

American doctor who wrote about the evils of alcohol and established a medical school at the University of Pennsylvania

121
Q

Enlightenment

A

a mini Renaissance featuring a new quest for knowledge, rational thinking, and well-rounded men (like Jefferson and Franklin)

122
Q

Deism

A

the rational religion popular during the Enlightenment

123
Q

Eli Whitney

A

Invented the cotton gin

124
Q

Rober Fulton

A

Introduced his steamship, The Clermont, to North America

125
Q

The Clermont

A

Steamship introduced by Fulton to North America

126
Q

Second Great Awakening

A

religious revival stressing salvation through faith. A reaction to the enlightenment. People wanted a personal God rather than a disinterested creator

127
Q

Treaty of Ildefonso

A

treaty between France and Spain in which France regained land west of the Mississippi

128
Q

Essex Junto

A

unhappy Federalists’ plan to form a New England Confederation and leave the Union with Aaron Burr as their leader

129
Q

Continental System

A

The Berlin and Milan Decrees. Napoleon’s justification of violating American neutral rights at sea

130
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

Jefferson bought land west of the Mississippi to the Rockies from France for $15 million

131
Q

Embargo Act

A

(1807) Jefferson’s failed attempt to make England and France respect American neutral rights at sea

AP U.S. History Terms Quarter 1 (2 decks)

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