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AP Government & Politics > AP Unit 2/Textbook Unit 4 Exam (11/7) > Flashcards

AP Unit 2/Textbook Unit 4 Exam (11/7) Flashcards

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1
Q

Political ideology

A

A set of beliefs about the desired goals and outcomes of a process of governance. May differ depending on what area of policy is being observed.

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2
Q

Political culture

A

The dominant set of beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that define the relationship between citizens and government.

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3
Q

Individualism

A

The belief that individuals should be responsible for themselves and for the decisions they make.

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4
Q

Free enterprise/Laissez-faire

A

An economic system in which government intrudes as little as possible in the economic transactions among citizens and businesses.

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5
Q

Rule of law

A

The principle that no one, including public officials, is above the law.

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6
Q

Political socialization

A

The experiences and factors that shape an individual’s political values, attitudes, and behaviors.

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7
Q

Generational effect

A

The impact of historical events experiences by a generation upon their political views.

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8
Q

Life-cycle effect

A

The impact of a person’s age and stage in life on his or her political views.

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9
Q

Globalization

A

The increasing interconnectedness of people, businesses, and countries throughout the world.

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10
Q

Outsourcing

A

When a company moves its business to a place where labor costs are cheaper or production is more efficient because workers work longer hours.

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11
Q

Race to the bottom

A

A metaphorical competition in which countries entice international businesses to relocate by lowering environmental and labor standards. Can increase employment and decrease quality of life.

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12
Q

Public opinion

A

The sum of individual attitudes about government, policies, and issues.

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13
Q

Focus group

A

A small group of individuals assembled for a conversation about specific issues.

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14
Q

Scientific poll

A

A representative poll of randomly selected respondents with a statistically significant sample size (1500+), using neutral language.

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15
Q

Sample

A

A group of individuals from a larger population used to measure public opinion.

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16
Q

Random selection

A

A method of choosing all poll respondents in a way that does not over or under represent any group of the population.

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17
Q

Representative sample

A

A sample that relects the demographics of the population.

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18
Q

Weighting

A

A procedure in which the survey is adjusted according to the demographics of the larger population.

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19
Q

Sampling error

A

The margin of error in a poll, which usually is calculated to plus or minus three percentage points.

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20
Q

Mass survey

A

A survey designed to measure the opinions of the population, usually consisting of 1500 responses.

21
Q

Entrance survey

A

A poll conducted of people coming to an event.

22
Q

Exit poll

A

A survey conducted outside a polling place in which individuals are asked who or what they just voted for any why.

23
Q

Benchmark poll

A

A survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are important to voters.

24
Q

Tracking poll

A

A survey determining the level of support for a candidate or an issue throughout a campaign.

25
Q

Random digit dialing

A

The use of telephone numbers randomly generated by computer to select potential survey respondants.

26
Q

Question order

A

The sequencing of questions in public opinion polls.

27
Q

Question wording

A

The phrasing of a question in a public opinion poll.

28
Q

Right

A

Something guaranteed that the government cannot take away.

29
Q

Privilege

A

Something a person may obtain or receive, but that the government can take away.

30
Q

Party ideology

A

A party’s philosophy about the proper role of government and its set of positions on major issues.

31
Q

Party identification

A

An individual’s attatchment to a political party.

32
Q

Conservatism

A

An ideology favoring more control of social behavior, fewer regulations on business, and less government interference in the economy.

33
Q

Liberalism

A

An ideology favoring less government control over social behavior and more greater regulation of business and of the economy.

34
Q

Libertarianism

A

An ideology favoring very little government regulation and intervention beyond protecting private property and individual liberty.

35
Q

Command and control economy

A

Economic policy in which many economic decisions are left to individuals and businesses, with the government regulating economic activity.

36
Q

GDP

A

The total value of goods and services produced by an economy

37
Q

Economic recession

A

A period of decline in economic activity, typically defined by two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth

38
Q

Unemployment rate

A

The percentage of people actively looking for work who cannot find jobs

39
Q

Inflation

A

The rise in the prices of goods and services.

40
Q

Consumer price index

A

The cost of a fixed basket of goods and services over time, used to measure the cost of living

41
Q

Fiscal policy

A

Government use of taxes and spending to attempt to lower unemployment, support economic growth, and stabilize the economy.

42
Q

Federal Reserve System

A

A board of govenors, Federal Reserve Banks, and member banks responsible for monetary policy

43
Q

Monetary policy

A

A set of economic policy tools designed to regulate the amount of money in the economy

44
Q

Monetary Theory

A

The government should match the growth of the money supply to the growth in economic productivity

45
Q

Keynesianism

A

Stimulate the economy during times of economic recession by spending money to encourage economic growth

46
Q

Supply-Side Theory

A

Stimulate the economy by cutting taxes to encourage businesses to grow and taxpayers to spend more money.

47
Q

Medicare

A

A federal program that provides health insurance to the seniors and the disabled

48
Q

Medicaid

A

A federal program that provides healthcare for the poor

AP Government & Politics (6 decks)

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