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AP Review Flashcards

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1
Q

The Great Compromise set up this type of legislature

A

Bicameral Legislature (Congress is two houses)

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2
Q

How old do you have to be to be/have residence in your district to be in the House of Representatives?

A

25 years old, must be a U.S. citizen who’s lived in your district for 7 years

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3
Q

A main criticism of the Articles of Confederation was that the government could not ___

A

Tax

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4
Q

Madison argued that political liberty is best protected by the fragmentation of political power in this

A

A large republic

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5
Q

If you eliminated the effects of income and education, this race votes the most…

A

Black Americans

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6
Q

Buckley v. Valeo puts limits on this

A

campaign contributions

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7
Q

Which party tends to have the more loyal voters?

A

Republicans

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8
Q

Since the 1970s PACs representing these people have grown the most

A

Business Professionals

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9
Q

Majoritarian Politics

A

Policies used when making policy because it’s what the citizens want

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10
Q

“Shotgun Approach”

A

the interest group tries to mobilize large numbers of constituents to write, call or email their legislators or the president

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11
Q

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of ‘02

A

This act amended 1971’s FECA. Bans the large, unlimited contributions to national political parties, aka soft money. Puts curbs on political ads by outside special-interest groups advocating the election or defeat of a specific candidate

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12
Q

The Presidential aide who tries to control the press and meets with reporters on a daily basis

A

Press secretary

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13
Q

When the media covers the standings of the presidential race rather than the actual issues

A

Horse Race Journalism

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14
Q

His followers made up the Federalist Party

A

Alexander Hamilton

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15
Q

The SC ruled in this case that limiting a candidate’s use of personal funds for a campaign is unconstitutional

A

Buckley v. Valeo

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16
Q

Franking Privilege

A

Privilege that allows Congress members to send mail dealing with their office for free

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17
Q

Who ratifies treaties signed by the President?

A

The Senate

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18
Q

Filibusters can only happen in this chamber of Congress

A

The Senate

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19
Q

What does a conference committee do?

A

Resolves differences in HR and Senate bills

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20
Q

Diversity in public policy is largely a consequence of this form of government

A

Federalism

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21
Q

The govt’s power to tax and spend is covered under this type of policy

A

Fiscal Policy

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22
Q

Keynesianism

A

A school of economic thought that supports the use of government spending and taxes to stabilize the economy. Unemployment = people spend less, businesses failed, so govt should step in and undertake spending to get economy back to a normal state

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23
Q

Federal Reserve System (the Fed)

A

Most important regulatory agency in U.S. monetary system. Serves as central banking organization of the nation. They control and regulate monetary policy. Regulates the amount of money in circulation.

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24
Q

What institution funds individual entitlement programs as long as recipients meet required criteria?

A

Congress

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25
Q

Dred Scott v. Sanford

A

Slaves are property, not people so they can’t sue. Overturned by 14th amendment

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26
Q

Discrimination in public places made illegal in 1964 by this act

A

Civil Rights Act

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27
Q

What finally got rid of Jim Crow laws?

A

Civil Rights Act of 1964

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28
Q

Provisions in Bill of Rights that guarantee against arbitrary influence by the government

A

Civil Liberties

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29
Q

Theory that one or two control what laws get passed and hinder the legal process

A

Hyper-Pluralism

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30
Q

Under this, the U.S. had a unicameral legislature and no national military

A

Articles of Confederation

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31
Q

What overturned Dred Scott decision

A

14th amendment

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32
Q

Types of issues that are universally agreed upon like low taxes and low crime rates

A

Valence Issue

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33
Q

Type of vote cast by choosing the least objectionable candidates running

A

Clothespin vote

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34
Q

Critical election (Realigning election)

A

Type of election where there is a significant shift in electoral power from one party to another

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35
Q

Citizens United v. FEC

A

Allows Super PACs to make campaign ads supporting a candidate. Corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidates elections cannot be limited.

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36
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson

A

“Separate but Equal” (Jim Crow) laws are legal. The court found that having equal but separate accommodations for both whites and blacks does not violate the equal protection clause stated in the fourteenth amendment

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37
Q

Interest Groups hire people from this type of organization to research information for their lobbyists

A

Think Tanks

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38
Q

The tendency of states to choose an early primary date to force candidates to campaign early

A

Front Loading

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39
Q

When news outlets publish stories about potential scandals, they are acting in this role

A

Watchdog

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40
Q

Single Member District

A

Type of district where one candidate will win even if they didn’t get a majority of the votes.

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41
Q

Tillman Act

A

Forbade banks and corporations from contributing to campaigns

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42
Q

When a President tries intimidating people during a speech he’s using this

A

Bully Pulpit

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43
Q

Name 3 ways of getting around the House Rules Committee

A

2/3 vote to suspend Rules, Discharge Petition, Calendar Wednesday

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44
Q

Discharge Petition

A

A procedure by which a bill in the House of Representatives may be forced (discharged) out of a committee that has defused to report it for consideration by the House. This petition must be signed by an absolute majority (218) of representatives and is used only on rare occasions.

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45
Q

Calendar Wednesday

A

lets committees call up bills of their choice on Wednesday; routinely set aside each week

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46
Q

Discretionary Authority

A

When a public official is able to choose the course of action because no prior law exists

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47
Q

How the SC decides cases with political questions

A

They don’t. It’s up to the executive branch and legislative branch to solve the problem

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48
Q

Committee made up of the the uniformed heads of the military branches plus a chairman who advises the President

A

Joint Chiefs of Staff

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49
Q

Type of federalism in which the local, state, and federal levels work together to complete a project that is largely
funded by the federal gov’t

A

Fiscal Federalism (Cooperative Federalism)

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50
Q

Reaganomics

A

Economic policy that stimulated the economy combining supply-side and trickle down economics (and then it left a huge deficit)

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51
Q

Lawrence v. Texas gave civil rights to…

A

Homosexuals

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52
Q

Gibbons v. Odgen used this clause to grant Congress more power

A

Commerce Clause

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53
Q

Because of the passage of this act, voter registration for Blacks more than doubled from 1960-1982

A

Voter Rights Act of 1965

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54
Q

What was discussed in Engel v. Vitale

A

the “wall of separation” between church and state

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55
Q

Case that ruled you can’t discriminate against customers if your business is open to the public

A

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States

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56
Q

In Federalist No. 10, Madison argued that these were natural yet controllable by institutions in a large republic

A

Factions

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57
Q

The 5th amendment allows the government to take your property as long as they provide proper compensation.
What is this called?

A

Eminent Domain

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58
Q

Referendum

A

When voters vote directly on an issue

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59
Q

Type of organization that can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money as long as they don’t
endorse a particular candidate

A

527 Organization

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60
Q

Constant coverage by the press to capture a scandal or embarrassing moment

A

Feeding Frenzy

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61
Q

When a story is leaked beforehand to see how the public feels before pursuing the story more

A

Trial Balloon

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62
Q

They decide how many justices are on the Supreme Court

A

Congress

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63
Q

The idea that a freshman member of Congress will get more votes when up for reelection

A

Sophomore Surge

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64
Q

Though many state governors have this power, the Supreme Court said it’s a violation of the separation of powers clause to give the power to the President

A

Line Item Veto

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65
Q

How long can the President deploy troops without Congressional approval?

A

60 days

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66
Q

Examples of Entitlement Programs

A

Social Security, Food Stamps, Medicare

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67
Q

6th amendment

A

right to an attorney

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68
Q

Exclusionary Rule

A

Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court

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69
Q

Case said that it was cruel and unusual to execute juvenile offenders

A

Roper v. Simmons

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70
Q

5th amendment

A

no self incrimination

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71
Q

Supreme Court’s view on Affirmative Action

A

The SC has recognized quotas as unfair, but has not deemed them illegal because they the accomplish their overall goal of diversity

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72
Q

According to this test, speech can be limited if it causes physical harm

A

Clear and Present Danger Test

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73
Q

How often are congressional district boundaries redrawn by state legislators?

A

10 years (due to the census)

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74
Q

Theory that all interests are & should be free to compete
for influence in gov’t, resulting in healthy democratic compromise and balance

A

Pluralism

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75
Q

Explain the two steps needed to amend the constitution

A

1) Proposal by 2/3 of the Congress or State Legislatures

2) Ratification by 3/4 of the states

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76
Q

Enumerated Powers

A

Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution

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77
Q

Name some Enumerated Powers given to Congress

A

coining money, taxing, declaring war, regulating interstate commerce

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78
Q

Type of law, now forbidden by Congress, that states that an individual can be punished without a trial

A

Bill of Attainer

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79
Q

The primary function of these groups is to raise money for the candidate they support.

A

Political Action Committees (PACs)

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80
Q

PACs are most likely to contribute to these people during campaigns.

A

Incumbent Candidates

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81
Q

Soft Money

A

Campaign contributions unregulated by federal or state law, usually given to parties and party committees to help fund general party activities

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82
Q

Hard Money

A

This refers to political contributions and campaign spending that is recorded under the regulations set forth in law and by the Federal Election Commission

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83
Q

The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)

A

Created the FEC: 6 nonpartisan administrators who enforce the act
Provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections
Limited presidential campaign spending
Limited contributions
Required disclosure: Each candidate must file periodic reports w/ FEC of who contributed, how much was spent and what the $ was spent on

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84
Q

The governments power to censor a publication before it is released to the public, in order to prevent harm to the public or expose information vital to national security

A

Prior Restraint

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85
Q

Which department has the authority to print currency

A

Dept. of Treasury

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86
Q

Stare Decisis

A

To stand on decided cases; the judicial policy of following precedents established by past decisions

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87
Q

Spin Doctor

A

A political campaign adviser who tries to convince journalists of the truth of a particular interpretation of events

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88
Q

Spoils System

A

The awarding of government jobs to political supporters and friends

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89
Q

Supremacy Clause

A

The constitutional provision that makes the Constitution and federal laws superior to all conflicting state and local laws.

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90
Q

Tipping

A

A phenomenon that occurs when a group that is becoming more numerous over time grows large enough to change the political balance in a district

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91
Q

Cases involving two or more states have this kind of jurisdiction from the SC

A

Original jurisdiction

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92
Q

When an executive decision lies before Congress for a specified period of time before going into effect. (Now unconstitutional)

A

Legislative Veto

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93
Q

Block Grants

A

Federal programs that provide funds to state and local governments for general functional areas, such as criminal justice or mental health programs

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94
Q

Categorical Grants

A

Federal grants to states or local governments that are for specific programs or projects

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95
Q

Similar to pork barreling where a large group pays for something but only a small group benefits

A

Client Politics

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96
Q

Free Rider Problem

A

The difficulty interest groups face in recruiting members when the benefits they achieve can be gained without joining the group.

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97
Q

What did Engel v. Vitale ban?

A

Prayer in schools

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98
Q

USA Patriot Act

A

2001 national security act that has been criticized for violation of privacy

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99
Q

When the Supreme Court uses the incorporation doctrine they are applying which amendment?

A

14th amendment

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100
Q

This search is legal under the Patriot Act, though many people have criticized it

A

“Sneak and Peak” searches (no warrant required)

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101
Q

What does the constitution say about politic parties

A

Nada

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102
Q

The free-exercise clause protects

A

citizens’ religious freedoms from being interfered with by the government

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103
Q

Due Process Clause

A

in 5 and 14 amend; guarantees individuals various rights such as economic liberty, criminal procedural rights, protection from gov action, etc; ensures equality

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104
Q

Incorporation Doctrine

A

States that protection of the 14th amendment’s Due Process Clause must apply to state and local governments also

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105
Q

Establishment Clause

A

Part of the first amendment that separates church and state.

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106
Q

anti-federalist 84

A

argued for the addition of a BoR because the national gov couldn’t be trusted to ensure civil liberties without explicit written protections

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107
Q

9th amendment

A

guarantees rights not listed in the Bill of Rights

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108
Q

10th amendment

A

powers not explicitly given to the Federal gov are alloted to the states

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109
Q

The framers of the US Constitution left decisions on voting eligibility to the

A

individual states

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110
Q

The primary role of the Attorney General

A

Serving as the chief executive officer of the Department of Justice

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111
Q

How is a president chosen when none of the candidates receives a majority of the electoral vote?

A

The House chooses a new president by a majority vote of its state delegations

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112
Q

The Americans with Disabilities Act, which provides protections for the disabled, is an example of

A

A federal mandate

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113
Q

Difference between open and closed primary

A

Only voters who register as members of a political party may vote in that party’s closed primary, while independents and others may be eligible to vote in open primaries

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114
Q

Inherent Power

A

A power of the president derived from the statements in the Constitution, “the executive power shall be vested in a President” and that the President should “take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed”; defined through practice rather than law

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115
Q

When independent regulatory agencies make rules enforce those rules, and adjudicate disputes arising under those rules, they risk violating the constiutional concept of

A

separation of powers

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116
Q

Cloture

A

Motions used by Senators, enacted with a 3/5 vote of the Senate, that end a filibuster and bring a bill to a vote

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117
Q

Giving state government greater discretion in deciding how to achieve the specific goals of welfare reform is an example of

A

devolution

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Perfectly
118
Q

Since the early 1980s, the Republican Party platform has been increasingly influenced by

A

evangelical Christians

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119
Q

The role Congress plays in ensuring that executive branch agencies are carrying out their legislated responsibilities is known as

A

legislative oversight

120
Q

The Constitution states that all revenue bills must originate in

A

the Hosue

121
Q

Nominations to the Supreme Court must be approved by

A

simple majority vote in the Senate only

122
Q

Most important figure in Congress

A

Speaker of the House

123
Q

amicus curiae briefs

A

used by interest groups to lobby courts

124
Q

Commerce Clause

A

The clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations.

125
Q

the 14th amendment was designed to overturn the…

A

Dred Scott decision

126
Q

Lobbyists try to influence legislators mainly through

A

providing legislators with information on technical issues

127
Q

The largest portion of “uncontrollable spending” in the federal budget is designated for what programs

A

Entitlement

128
Q

Difference between debate in the House and Senate

A

there is unlimited debate in the Senate but not in the House

129
Q

Senate confirmation is required for which presidential appointments?

A

Secretary of State, White House chief of staff, Attorney General

130
Q

To which of the following congressional committees would a proposal to reform the national income-tax system initially be sent

A

House Ways and Means committee

131
Q

Since the 1970’s, Presidents have made use of executive orders at an increasing rate because executive orders..

A

do not need to be passed by Congress

132
Q

The framers of the Constitution addressed the issue of slavery. Describe the compromise they made regarding the House.

A

3/5 of all slaves would be counted for purposes of the representation in the House of Representatives

133
Q

Describe the background of most of the framers of the Constitution

A

They were wealthy, well educated, and experienced politicians

134
Q

What was the result of the Great Compromise?

A

The Senate represents state interests, while the House of Representatives mirror the population proportionally

135
Q

Political Culture

A

The collection of beliefs and attitudes toward government and the political process

136
Q

What is the impact of Third parties on the American Political system?

A

Minor parties develop ideas that the major parties later come to adopt

137
Q

How do interest groups differ from PACs?

A

PACs are committees, often set up by interest groups, to raise and spend money on campaigns and causes

138
Q

Climate Control

A

The use of public relations techniques to create favorable public opinion toward an interest group, industry or corporation

139
Q

Grassroots Lobbying

A

influencing government decision makers though indirect pressure (usually in the form of letters, emails, phone calls) from large numbers of constituents. This is also called indirect lobbying.

140
Q

Faction

A

A group or bloc in a legislature or political party acting in pursuit of some special interest or position

141
Q

How has market-driven journalism changed news coverage?

A

It hooks viewers with alarming stories and reduces coverage of government, policy, and public affairs

142
Q

Sometimes reporters are highly critical of the government, featuring stories about perceived misconduct. This is an example of

A

“Watchdog” or Investigative journalism

143
Q

How does regulation of radio and television broadcasts differ from the treatment of newspapers and magazines?

A

The FCC regulates broadcasters but not newspapers

144
Q

How do the rules governing conduct of the House of Representatives compare with the rule governing conduct of the Senate

A

There are fewer rules governing the conduct of the Senate because it relies on unanimous consent agreements

145
Q

What is different about incumbent reelection in the House and the Senate?

A

A greater percentage of incumbents in the House is reelected than in the Senate

146
Q

What happens to most bills?

A

They rarely pass in their original form, because they are killed or modified by committees

147
Q

Who are the leaders of the Senate and the House?

A

Senate: majority leader
House: Speaker of the House

148
Q

When does the VP preside over the Senate?

A

if there’s a tie

149
Q

What best describes the Presidents role in policy-making?

A

Involves bargaining and struggle between President and Congress

150
Q

Is the Cabinet part of the Executive Office of the President?

A

No

151
Q

What is the process for impeachment and removal of the president?

A

The House must impeach a president by a majority vote and then the president is tried in the Senate, which must vote to convict by a 2/3 vote

152
Q

How are members of the federal bureaucracy selected?

A

They are appointed after they have passed a written exam or have met certain selection criteria

153
Q

How can Congress supervise the bureaucracy?

A

No agency may exist without congressional approval
No money can be spent without authorization by Congress
Congressional committees may hold oversight hearings

154
Q

Judicial Review

A

The power of the Supreme Court or any other court to hold a law or other legal actions as unconstitutional

155
Q

Judicial Activism

A

A doctrine holding that the Supreme Courts should take an active role in checking the activities of government bodies when those bodies exceed their authority

156
Q

Judicial Restraint

A

A doctrine holding that the SC should defer to the decisions made by the elected representatives of the people in executive and legislative branches

157
Q

Senatorial Courtesy

A

In Federal district court judgeship nominations, a tradition allowing a senator to veto a judicial appointment where the nominee is from his or her state

158
Q

Prior Restraint

A

Restraining an action before the activity has actually occurred. For example, stopping the publication of an event. When expression is involved this means censorship.

159
Q

What was the Court’s decision in Bakke v. University of California?

A

Schools can take race into account in making admissions, but the use of quotas will be viewed with strict scrutiny

160
Q

Result of Roe v. Wade

A

Abortion is legal during the first six months of pregnancy, and may be regulated, but not unduly restricted.

161
Q

What is required by the No Child Left Behind Act?

A
  • A state testing of students
  • A yearly measure of adequate progress
  • Allowing students in underperforming schools to transfer
162
Q

How does regulation differ from legislation?

A

Congress passes legislation, and regulations are rules set forth by administrative agencies

163
Q

What is the difference between monetary policy and fiscal policy?

A

Fiscal policy involves the budget and monetary policy involves interest rates and the money supply

164
Q

What is the difference between a needs-based social welfare programs and entitlement programs?

A

Entitlement programs, like Social Security, are available regardless of income

165
Q

Acquisitive Model

A

A model of bureaucracy that viewstop-level bureaucrats as seeking to expand the size of their budgets and staffs to gain great power

166
Q

Fed Papers #78

A

Weakest branch - no control on sword or purse

Interpretation of laws keeps legislature in check - Constitution comes before decisions made by Congress

Independence from influence - life terms, etc.

167
Q

Elitism

A

Believe it is necessary for the country to be run by a small chosen minority

168
Q

Marxist Theory

A

Economic forces hold the power

169
Q

Republic Initiative

A

Individuals can make petitions

170
Q

Anti-Federalist Concerns

A
  • national government has too much power, esp. power to tax
  • no bill of rights: individuals must be protected
  • like the set up of the confederacy ( the articles just need to be modified, we don’t need a new government)
171
Q

Madison and Hamiltons’ philosophies

A

Madison had a “states rights” philosophy

Hamilton preferred strong nat’l gov.

172
Q

The fed. Papers #39 & 46

A

National government = focus on individuals
Federal government = powers shared by the states or reflected in the states’ interests

U.S. Gov’t is both national and fed.

173
Q

True or false: most of the founders were anti-party and anti-faction

A

TRUE

174
Q

Bureaucratic System

A

Appointed officials

175
Q

Majoritarian Politics and their problem

A

Elected officials must adhere to what the majority wants
-concerns issues of the people: war, education, taxes, economy, health care

Problem: most Americans are either not interested in politics nor well informed

176
Q

Direct Democracy

A

A system of democracy in which political decisions are made by the people directly, rather than by their elected representatives

177
Q

Fed papers #51

A

What the government has to do (“if men were Angels…” - preserved liberty, but don’t take away too many rights

Government must be able to control the governed as well as itself - checks and balances

178
Q

Republic Recall

A

Elected official does not no their job and voters petitions gov’t and ask for recall election.

179
Q

Communism made up of which two ideas

A

Socialism and Marxism

180
Q

Realignment

A

Major change in the party

Substantial group of voters switch party allegiance

181
Q

Political Machines

A

Corrupt organization that traded votes for favors and often put unqualified people in office

182
Q

Examples of factions

A

Tea Party Republicans, freedom Caucus

183
Q

5 functions of political parties

A

1) recruit candidates for public office
2) organize and run elections (attract/educate voters)
3) present alternative policies to the electorate, reduce conflict within party
4) accept responsibility for operating the government - appointments based on party lines; develop links b/w elected officials to gain support for policies
5) act as the organized opposition to the party in power - criticize the policies and behavior of the other party by articulating own policies forcing debates on the issues

184
Q

The era of the democrats

A

1800-1860

Dominate all but two presidential elections

185
Q

The era of the republicans

A

1860-1932

Republicans dominate all but four presidential elections

186
Q

Types of One-Party Systems

A

One party system - where only one party is allowed

Modified One Party -
Systems where one party regularly wins most elections

187
Q

Multi Party System Advantages and Disadvantages

A

Adv: more responsive to will of the people, give voters more choices

Disadv: Causes parties to form coalitions, which dissolve easily and cause instability in government. There is no clear majority just plurality.

188
Q

Minor parties formed due to issues of concern to certain individuals

A

Idealogical Parties

189
Q

Dealignment

A

Party loses loyal voters as more become independent

  • can’t lock in political preferences - lots of split ticket voting
190
Q

Right wing reactionary

A

Refuses to accept the present and think back to the past when these were better. Try’s to solve today’s problems

191
Q

Right wing fascism

A

One or more group runs govt

  • govt should be small and not interfere with people’s rights
192
Q

Cleavages of public opinion

A

Separation between groups of people:

Social class, race/ethnicity/region

193
Q

National name given to the type of secret ballot used in all American elections

A

Australian ballot

194
Q

The main reason voter turnout in the us is low

A

People aren’t registered

195
Q

The three main reasons why interest groups are common today

A

1) more cleavage
2) gov’t set up
3) weak political parties

196
Q

A small exclusive interest group that uses radical tactics

A

Pressure Group

197
Q

Type of incentive used by a local interest group since people join them for pleasure and companionship

A

Solidarity Incentive

198
Q

An incentive such as getting travel discounts, calendar, etc

A

Material Incentive

199
Q

Type of incentive usually used by an institutional interest group: people join and are active for the cause

A

Purposive Incentive

200
Q

The role of the media when it chooses which issues to publicize

A

Gatekeeper

201
Q

Type of press created in 1848 to offer unbiased nonpartisan news

A

Popular Press

202
Q

The news outlet today that is most like the yellow journalism of the 19th and early 20th centuries

A

Tabloid Press

203
Q

Yellow Journalism

A

A term for sensationalistic, irresponsible journalism

204
Q

Rule that says if a station sells time to one candidate it must be willing to sell the same amount of time to another candidate at the same price

A

Equal Time Rule

205
Q

According to political scientists, these people often have a negative influence on the legislative process due to the tactics they use

A

Lobbyists

206
Q

Type of story that’s available to all reporters - they just have to do a little investigating

A

Feature Story

207
Q

A group of policy experts who appeal to different people and Lobby the government on specific policy goals

A

Interest Group

208
Q

22nd amendment

A

Limits the President to two terms

209
Q

Veto that occurs when congress is not in session

A

Pocket Veto

210
Q

The part of a party whose members have the same views and vote the same way

A

Ideological Wing

211
Q

“Rule” that says power is wielded by those who are in the room when the decision in made

A

Propinquity

212
Q

4 requirements to be presidency

A

270 electoral votes, must be at least 35 years old, born in the U.S., 14 years of consecutive residency

213
Q

23rd amendment

A

DC gets 3 electoral votes

214
Q

25th amendment

A

Emergency presidential succession due to disability

215
Q

Total Electoral Votes

A

538

216
Q

Who began presidential involvement in economy with the New Deal

A

FDR

217
Q

Agency that advises pres. on how to propose budget, deal with finances, etc

A

OMB

218
Q

How long the President has to use a “regular veto”

A

10 days

219
Q

How can Congress override a “Regular” veto

A

2/3 vote of both houses

220
Q

Name 3 limits on Presidents military powers

A
  • cannot use military to solve labor/management disputes (strikes)
  • Congress declares war
  • Congress appropriates money for military spending
221
Q

What did the War Powers Act (1973) do?

A
  • President has to report to Congress 48 hours after deploying troops
  • American combat must end after 60 days unless Congress gives further approval
  • If Congress denies the deployment, the President has 30 days to withdraw troops
  • Congress can end the use of combat forces at any time by passing a concurrent resolution
222
Q

12th amendment

A

Required President and VP on same ticket

223
Q

Where does the VP cast a tie breaking vote?

A

In the Senate

224
Q

20th amendment

A

VP takes over if President dies in office

225
Q

Who informs Congress that the Pres. is temporarily unfit to fulfill responsibilities

A

VP and 3/4 of cabinet

226
Q

Rule of Propinquity works best in ____

A

Pyramid Structure

227
Q

Two states that don’t have winner take all

A

Nebraska and Maine

228
Q

How long can “Acting” heads remain during recess appointments

A

Up to 120 days unless the Senate doesn’t act to confirm

229
Q

This part of the Executive branch advises the President on economic issues

A

Council of Economic Advisors (CEA)

230
Q

Concurrent resolution

A

When Congress ends the use of combat forces at any time

231
Q

Policy Czars

A

Positions that focus on one area

232
Q

Whistleblower Protection Act

A

Act that was created so that bureaucrats that tell the truth about the government, can’t get fired for telling the truth

233
Q

The Classic model of bureaucracy in which a clear hierarchy is visible and rules are established

A

Weberian Model

234
Q

When the CIA and the FBI have programs that work against each other

A

Conflict

235
Q

The tendency of an agency to grow regardless of the cost or benefits to its programs

A

Imperialism

236
Q

Bureaucrats may sometimes successfully resist presidential initiatives because they cannot be removed for office for this reason alone

A

Political reasons/their personal beliefs

237
Q

One of the largest gov’t employers today/largest exec. Branch office of the 19th century

A

Post office

238
Q

American bureaucracy uses this type of federalism

A

Dual Federalism

239
Q

Today’s bureaucracy is largely a result of these two events

A

New Deal and WWII

240
Q

Pendleton Act

A

An act that established the principles of employment on the basis of merit and created the Civil Service Commission to administer the personnel service

241
Q

IRS answers to this Cabinet department

A

US Dept. of Treasury

242
Q

This cabinet department deals with worker issues like minimum wage

A

Department of Labor

243
Q

Smallest cabinet department

A

Department of Education

244
Q

This cabinet department oversees the National Park Service

A

Department of the Interior

245
Q

Why’s it hard to fire a bureaucrat?

A

Long Process; lots of red tape

246
Q

This agency played a major role in getting acts like he Clean Air Act passed

A

EPA

247
Q

Agency that deals with US monetary policy by controlling interest rates

A

The Fed

248
Q

This is what happens to an issue network after its goal has been achieved

A

it dissolves

249
Q

Laws that require most bureaucratic matters to be made public

A

Sunshine Laws

250
Q

Laws that expire unless Congress votes to extend them

A

Sunset Laws

251
Q

A bureaucrat who informs the public about waste in the government

A

Whistleblower

252
Q

Agencies like the Fed and SEC who have more independence and are responsible for protecting the public interest

A

Independent Regulatory Agencies

253
Q

An agency such as the CIA, that is directly responsible to the president but is not a cabinet department

A

Independent Executive Agency

254
Q

When an agency becomes part of the industry it’s supposed to regulate

A

Capture

255
Q

An organization made up of agency members, the media, think tanks and others in the government who help an agency deal with pressure from interest groups

A

Issue Network

256
Q

When a bureaucrat can choose the course of action taken because there’s no pre-existing law, he’s using this type of authority

A

Discretionary Authority

257
Q

AMTRAK and the USPS are examples of this part of the bureaucracy

A

Government Corporations

258
Q

The main office that gives the test most competitive civil servants have to take

A

Office of Personnel Management

259
Q

The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 created this group

A

Office of Personnel Management

260
Q

Why many people didn’t like the bureaucracy when it first started

A

Spoils System (people weren’t qualified)

261
Q

Secret Service was originally part of this department…

A

Department of Treasury

262
Q

How does Congress oversee bureaucracy

A

Money
Investigations
Create/Destroy Agencies
Senatorial Courtesy

263
Q

Reforming the bureaucracy by having corporations take over services such as jails and hospitals

A

Privatizations

264
Q

Cabinet that deals with healthcare reform

A

Health and Human Services

265
Q

Cabinet department that handles nuclear materials

A

Department of Energy

266
Q

The legal name given to the idea that the Senate has to confirm presidential appointments

A

Senatorial Courtesy

267
Q

What the Constitution says about the bureaucracy

A

Nothing!

268
Q

Enabling Legislation

A

Legislation that creates a new agency and says exactly what types of policies they can create

269
Q

Office of Special Counsel was created by this Act

A

Whistleblower Protection Act

270
Q

This occurs when bureaucrats use discretionary authority to rule, angering many citizens

A

Arbitrary Rule

271
Q

Monopolistic model of Bureaucracy

A

No competition = inefficient

272
Q

Administrative Agency and their function

A

Agencies that perform a specific function and make laws more specific

273
Q

Largest Branch of Government

A

Executive

274
Q

Difference between Cabinet Departments and Independent Executive Agencies

A

Independent Executive Agencies - report to pres. but not part of cabinet

275
Q

How does line organization affect the bureaucracy

A

Congress must approve new or eliminated depts

President fires/appoints officials - leads to plum jobs

276
Q

How might capture affect an Independent Regulatory Agency

A

Higher prices, no competition, conflict of interest

277
Q

Biggest power of bureaucracy

A

Discretionary Authority

278
Q

Most bureaucrats are on this level

A

Local

279
Q

How are government corporations different than a business corporation?

A

Controlled by gov’t
Don’t pay taxes
Can’t buy stock
Ex: AMTRAK, USPS

280
Q

Privatization was most successful on which level

A

Local

281
Q

Under sunset laws existing programs have to be reviewed by ___ who also gives permission to them to be extended

A

Congress

282
Q

How bureaucrats make policy

A

Enabling legislation
Makes laws more specific
Controversial topics = public hearings

283
Q

All regulations published in the ____

A

Federal Register

284
Q

Police Patrol

A

Bureaucracy is too big

- catch some problems but not most

285
Q

“Fire Alarm” approach

A

Uncovers major problems but too usually too late

Ex: Katrina and FEMA

286
Q

Legislation that allows an agency to exist and stars exactly what types of policies they can have

A

Enabling

287
Q

Department that creates highways and rules for them

A

Department of Transportation

288
Q

Dept. that promotes job creation, economic growth, sustainable development

A

Department of Commerce

289
Q

Controls phones, TV, radio

Censorship

Refused to investigate patriot act

Emergency communications

A

Federal Communications Commission

290
Q

What does the SEC do

A

Securities and exchange

  • look at nations stock
  • crime: SEC will fine you and make sure you cannot trade again
291
Q

Dept. that deals with national disaster protection cyber security, counter terrorism

A

Homeland Security

292
Q

Dept formed after 9/11

A

Homeland Security

293
Q

Investigative wing of dept of justice

A

FBI

294
Q

Joint chiefs of staff are in what dept

A

Dept. of Defense

295
Q

Evaluates security risks with domestic, foreign and military issues

Presidents main forum for for foreign policy w/ cabinet

A

National Security Council

296
Q

Litigation

A

is when people go to court in order to get a positive ruling for their cause. If there is a law that hurts a certain group of people, they can go to court and say that it is unlawful, and that it impinges on their rights. Civil rights groups like the NAACP use litigation to force lawmakers to bring forth fair regulations as guaranteed in the constitution

AP Gov (7 decks)

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