AP Psychology Unit 8 Intelligence and Testing Flashcards
Intelligence
Ability to learn, solve problems, and apply into different situations.
Charles Spearman
Created the (g) theory
General Intelligence (g)
There is a general intelligence underlying all of our mental abilities
Factor Analysis
Statistical procedure in analyzing clusters
L.L Thurstone
Opposed Spearman’s idea of (g) and propsed there are 7 clusters of intelligence. Investigators found that people who excelled in one tended to be good at others, implying a (g).
Howard Garner
Proposed there are 8-9 types of independent intelligence.
Savant Syndrome
Lacking in social abilities but a genius in one specific area.
Robert Sternburg
Agreed with Garner that there are more than one intelligence and created the Tri-archic theory.
Triarchic Theory
Analytical, Logical, and Creative intelligence.
Emotional Intelligence
Ability to understand, perceive, and manage emotions.
Intelligence Test
Assess people’s intelligence and compares it with others
Achievement Tests
Tests what you’ve learned. Like AP Exams
Aptitude Tests
Predicts your performance, like the SAT
Francis Galton
A proponent of scientific racism; he supported eugenics.
Alfred Binet
Organized the mental age testto separate schoolchildren in France to identify which kids needed help.
Mental Age
The level of performance associated with the chronological age.
Lewis Terman
Composed the Binet-Stanford IQ test and believed intelligence was innate.
IQ
Mental Age/Chronological Age
David Wechsler
Viewed intelligence as an effect rather than a cause and that suggested things like personality can affect intelligence.
WAIS
This was revolutionary; previous tests only measured verbal intelligence but this tested nonverbal intelligence too.
Standardization
Making a test standard by haviing a pretested group to compare
Normal Curve/Bell Curve
Having a low and high extreme and average in a group.
Reliability
Whether if the test yields consistent results
Validity
Whether the test measures it really aims to measure, like a driving test should include actual driving and not questions.
Content Validity
The extent the test measures on the specific area. Like to obtain a license, the
Predictive Validity
The extend the test predicts the success.
Cohort
A group of people sharing similar characteristics like age.
Crystallized Intelligence
Accumulated knowledge over time. Increases with age.
Fluid Intelligence
Logic and reasoning, decreases with age.
Cross-sectional Study
Study where people of different ages are studied and compared at the same point of time.
Longitudinal Study
Study where the same group of people is studied for a long period of time.
Intellectual Disability
Limited mental ability, below 70 on the Stanford-Binet test.
Down Syndrome
Extra copy of the 21st chromosome and limited mental abilities accompanied by physical defects.
Heritability
The extend to which we can attribute our traits to genetics and not due to environment.
Carol Dweck
Believed that intelligence was changeable and not fixed. Taught a growth mindset where the brain was a muscle that could grow with use.
Stereotype Threat
Performing worse when subjects believe they are conforming to negative stereotypes.
