AP Psych: practice skills vocab quiz (1st 27 terms) Flashcards
involves the use of independent variable(s) and random
assignment to groups
Experimental
methodologies
includes case study, correlation, meta-analysis, and naturalistic observations
Non-experimental methodologies
a non-experimental technique in which one individual or
group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal
principles
case study
a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together,
and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
correlation
a statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple
studies to reach an overall conclusion
meta-analysis
a non-experimental technique of observing and recording
behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to
manipulate and control the situation
naturalistic observation
a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
hypothesis
a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used
in a research study
operational definitions
repeating the essence of a research study, usually with
different participants in different situations, to see whether
the basic finding can be reproduced
replication
in an experiment, the factor that is manipulated; the variable that is being studied
independent
variable(s)
in an experiment, the outcome that is measured; the variable that may change when the independent variable is
manipulated
dependent variable(s)
in an experiment, a factor other than the factor being
studied that might influence a study’s results
confounding
variable(s)
a subset of a population of interest that is selected for
study with the aim of making inferences to the population.
It is important to ensure that a sample is representative of
the larger population
sample
all those in a group being studied, from which samples
may be drawn
population
the selection of study units (e.g., participants, homes,
schools) from a larger group (population) in an unbiased
way, such that the sample obtained accurately reflects the
total population
representative
sample
a sample that fairly represents a population because each
member has an equal chance of inclusion
random sampling
any process for selecting a sample of individuals or cases
that is neither random nor systematic but rather is governed by chance or ready availability
convenience sampling
a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample
sampling bias
the process of deriving a concept, judgment, principle,
or theory from a limited number of specific cases and
applying it more widely, often to an entire class of objects,
events, or people
generalization
in an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment, that
is, to one version of the independent variable
experimental group
in an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment,
contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a
comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment
control group
results caused by expectations alone
placebo
an experimental procedure in which the research participants are ignorant about whether they have received the treatment or a placebo
single blind procedure
an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether
the research participants have received the treatment or
a placebo
double blind procedures
in an experiment, a factor other than the factor being
studied that might influence a study’s results
confounding
variables
a research method that relies on in-depth, narrative data
that are not translated into numbers
qualitative measures
a research method that relies on quantifiable, numerical
data
quantitative measures
