AP Practice final Flashcards
Which layer of the epidermidis is single celled, consist of cuboidal or Columnar Epithelium, and is attached to the basement membrane? A. Stratum corneum b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum D. Stratum germinativum
D. Stratum germinativum
Which layer of the skin contains sweat glands. a. Stratum corneum B. Subcutaneous C. Stratum germinativum D. Dermis
D. Dermis
Which of the following is not a function of the skin.
A. Protection of underlying organs and tissues
B. Maintenance of body temperature
C. Production of red blood cells
D. Excretion of salt, water, and organic waste.
C. Production of red blood cells
Which techniques alternatively deform and release tissue at varian rhythms and pressure? A. Connective tissue techniques B. Passive movement techniques C. Percussive techniques d. Neuromuscular techniques
C. Percussive techniques
The most superficial layer of the epidermis the ____________mostly consists of dead cells in keratin.
Stratum corneum
The application of water for therapeutic purposes is termed _________________.

Hydrotherapy
True or false? Profuse sweating, washing, and bathing can significantly alter the normal resident micro organisms or flora found on the skin.
B. False
True or false? Glandular secretions increase with age.
False
True or false? Massage has the ability to mechanically change the texture and consistency of the skin.
TRUE
True or false? Massage can increase local blood and lymph flow.
True
True or false psychoneuroimmunelogic effects are those caused by physically moving the tissues.
B. false
How many pairs of spinal nerves branch off from the spinal cord to the rest of the body. A. 33 B. 31 C. 25 D. 12
B. 31
Which part of the brain houses the thalamus and hypothalamus? A. Brainstorm B. Cerebellum C. Cerebrum D. Diencephalon
D. Diencephalon
The peripheral nervous system is divided into the __________, the ________, and the ______nervous system‘s.
Sensory, somatic, autonomic
The autonomic nervous system has two divisions the ________ and the __________. 
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
____________ are the functional unit of the nervous system.
Neurons
True or false? The trigeminal nerve carries sensations of touch and pressure
True
True or false the median nerve innervates the thumb and the first two fingers and lateral half of the third finger?
True
True or false? With age comes a steady loss of neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
True
____________ Are chemical messengers released by one tissue into the blood stream to have an affect on another tissue in the body.
Hormones
____________ Glands secrete into ducts connected to the body cavities, Organ lumens, or outside of the body
Exocrine
The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is an increase in blood _________ levels
Glucose
The _____________gland is located posterior to the sternum and it’s important for immunity, containing lymphocytes in various stages of development.
Thymus
The hormone __________is secreted by the stomach with when peptides in amino acids are present in the partially digested food
Gastrin
True or false endocrine glands secrete chemicals into the interstitial fluid around them.
A. True
True or false? Each cell has receptors on the cell membrane. Cytoplasm, or nucleus that recognizes and respond exclusively to specific hormones.
A. True
True or false? The fight or flight response occurs during the resistance phase of the stress response.
False (it occurs during the alarm phase)
True or false? Hormones that enter the circulatory system and have effects on cells far away are known as local hormones.
False
True or false? Usually each cell has as many as 2000 to 10,000 receptors for a specific hormone
True
True or false? Water soluble hormones easily pass through the cell membrane to enter cells
False
True or false? Most endocrine gland secretions are controlled by a negative feedback mechanism.
True
Which of the following correctly traces the path sperm travels from the testes to the outside of the body.
A. Epididymis, vas deference, ejaculatory duct, urethra
B. Ejaculatory duct, vas deferens, epididymis, urethra
C. Vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, epididymis, urethra
D. Urethra, ejaculatory duct, vas deferens, epididymis
A. Epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Which gland contributes approximately 60% of the seminal fluid. A. Prostrate B. Bulbourethral C  Seminal vesicle D. Testis
C. Seminal vesicle
Which part of the penis is removed in circumcision? A. Glans B. Neck C. Root D. Prepuce
D. Prepuce
Reproductive function begins with the onset of __________which is the final maturation of the reproductive system.
Puberty
In both sexes, the _____________ remain dormant until they are activated by secretions from the pituitary during this period.
Gonads
The glandula portion of the breast is known as the ___________
Mammary glands
The reflex by which milk is secreted when an infant suckles the nipple is known as the _______________. 
Milk letdown reflex
True or false? The fetal period is the time between the start of the third week to the end of the eighth week of pregnancy
False
True or false? Milk is secreted by glands known as alveoli
True
True or false? The temperature of the testes within the scrotum is maintain slightly above that of the body
False
True or false? And benign prostatic hyperplasia, the prostate shrinks to half its original size
False
Which type of White blood cell stains pink with acid dies and is highly toxic for parasites. A. Eosinophil b basophil C. Neutrophil D. Agranulocyte
A. Eosinophil
The process by which a white blood cell engulfs a foreign agent into its cytoplasm and destroys it is known as ____________.

Phagocytosis
The fallen blood pressure and dizziness caused by suddenly standing up is known as Orthostatic or postural _______________
Hypotension
True or false? Normal diastolic pressure is about 120 MM HG
False (normal is 80)
True or false? If peripheral resistance increases blood pressure must be increased to maintain flow
True
True or false? Those who have had long-term aerobic training have smaller hearts
False
True or false? The process of forming new blood vessels is known as angiogenesis 
True
True or false? With age there is less of a tendency for blood to clot
False
Which of the following is not used by the lymphatic system to move forward toward the neck?
A. One way valves within the lymph vessels that help direct fluid
B. A lymphatic pump similar to the heart
C. Passive and active movements of the skeletal muscles
D. Changes in posture
B. A lymphatic pump similar to the heart
Which type of T cells helps activate the B cells to produce antibodies? A. Helper/inducer T cells B. Cytotoxic/killer T cells C. Suppressor T cells D. Memory T cells
A. Helper/inducer T cells
Tiny lymph vessels that bring lymph into the lymph node are known as which of the following A. Afferent vessels B. Macrophages C. Efferent vessels D. Sinuses
A. Afferent vessels
The flat, long structure located at the mediastinum (between the lungs) That is the first Organ to begin to manufacture of lymphocytes is which of the following? A. Spleen B. Thoracic duct C. Thymus D. Liver
C. Thymus
The inguinal nodes are located in which region? A. Head and neck B. Press C. Upper extremity D. Lower extremity
D. Lower extremity
The massage technique that involves needing lightly with the fingertips or hand to soften areas of hardened edema is which of the following A. Compression B. Scoop strokes C. Circular massage D. Pump technique
A. Compression
Which is the correct order for performing lymph drainage strokes to the upper extremity? A. Hand, forearm, upper arm, deltoid B. Deltoid, upper arm, forearm, hand C. Deltoid, hand, upper arm, forearm D. Forearm, upper arm, deltoid, hand
B. Deltoid, upper arm, forearm, hand
Which type of immunity is genetically determined? A. Naturally acquired B. Induced active C. Passive immunity D. Innate
D. Innate
Which of the following is considered an auto immune disorder, in which the immune system mistakenly targets normal blood cells and tissues? A. Aids B. Rheumatoid arthritis C. Leukemia D. Lymphoma
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
The ___________collects lymph from the right side of the body superior to the diaphragm
Right lymphatic duct
____________ Are small organs that filter large particles and remove foreign substances before the lymph empties into the veins.
Lymphnodes
True or false? Lymph capillaries are highly permeable and allow large particles to easily enter the vessel
A. True
True or false? Lymphocytes not only recognize foreign agents in the interstitial fluid also remember the ones they have encountered
A. True
True or false the spleen is the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body
A. True
True or false massage over lymph nodes increases edema
B. False
True or false? By relieving stress, massage my boost the various functions of the immune system
A. True
Which of the following is suited to clean the air that enters the nasal cavity and to bring it to body temperature and humidity A. NARES B. Epiglottis C. Nasal epithelium D. Nasal septum
C. Nasal epithelium
Which of the following are the cavities present in the lateral and superior walls of the nasal cavity A. CONCHAE B. Paranasal sinuses C. Mucous glands D. Eustachian tubes
B. Paranasal sinuses
The region that extends between the posterior part of the nasal cavity in the larynx is which of the following A. Trachea B. Esophagus C. Bronchiole D. Pharynx
D. Pharynx
Which part of the pharynx is common for the passage of food and air. A. Oropharynx V. Laryngopharynx c. Nasopharynx D. Eustachian tubes
A. Oropharynx
Which of the following is also known as the windpipe A. Trachea B. Larynx C. Pharynx D. Nasal cavity
A. Trachea
Which structure moves posteriorly with each swallow to close the narrow opening of the larynx to prevent entry of food into the larynx A. Glottis B. Trachea C. Epiglottis D. Hyoid bone
C. Epiglottis
The vocal cords are actually which of the following? A. Cartilage B. Ligament C. Muscle D. Bone
B. Ligament
The part of the thoracic cavity that lies between the lungs is known as which of the following A. HILUS B. Apex C. Base D. Mediastinum
D. Mediastinum
The major muscle or muscles of inspiration is/are the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Transversus thoracis B. Diaphragm C. Internal intercostals D. External intercostals
B Diaphragm
Which of the processes of respiration involves the absorption of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from air spaces in the lung and pulmonary capillaries? A. Pulmonary ventilation B. Gas transport C. External respiration D. Internal respiration
C. External respiration
The posterior part of the tongue contains some lymphoid tissues known as the ______________
Lingual tonsils
Bronchi located outside of the lungs are known as ______________ bronchi.
Extra pulmonary
The areas in the medulla and pons of the brain that are responsible for involuntary control of breathing are known as the __________________. 
Respiratory centers
Clients with breathing difficulty are requiring sinus drainage may be more comfortable in the ______________ position, in which the head and is raised 30 to 90°, with the hips and knees slightly flexed
Fowler’s
True or false? A normal adult has respiratory read about 60 breaths per second
False
True or false? The level of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions can alter respiration
True
True or false? Temperature can affect respiratory rate
True
True or false? The elderly rely on the movement of the diaphragm more than the chest wall movement
True
True or false? Massage can slow down the respiratory
True
Which of the following mucosa consists of connective tissue, glands, nerve endings, blood vessels, and lymphoid tissue? A. VILLI B. Lamina propria C. Muscularis mucosa D. Epithelium
B. Lamina propria
The folds in the epithelium of the digestive track wall that increase absorption of the nutrients are known as which of the following? A. Labia B. Gingivae C. Hepatocytes D. Villi
D. Villi
The wave of muscular contraction that travels along the length of the digestive tract is known as A. Segmentation B. Mastication C. Deglutition D. Peristalsis
D. Peristalsis
The passage from the middle ear to the pharynx to equalize the pressure between the atmosphere in the middle ear is which of the following A. Esophagus B. Fundus C. Cardia D. Eustachian tube
D. Eustachian tube
The proximal region of the stomach, close to the esophagus, is known as the A. Cardia B. Fundus C. Body D. Pylorus
B. Pylorus
A small part of the intestine joins the large intestine which of the following A. Duodenum B. jejenum C. Ileum D. Pylorus
C illeum
The function of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_is to store and concentrate by that is secreted by the liver a. Pancreas B. gallbladder C. Spleen D. Large intestine
B. Gallbladder
The Denton of the tooth is covered by a layer of ___________, which is a crystalline form of calcium phosphate
Enamel
saliva is secreted by the __________
Salivary glands
The _____________ is a gland that lies posterior to the stomach and manufactures enzymes that help with the digestion of proteins fats and carbohydrates
Pancreas
The final portion of the colon is known as the___________ colon.
Sigmoid
True or false? About 90% of absorption occurs in the large intestine
False it occurs in the small intestine
True or false? Gastrin, a hormone secreted by the cells in the stomach, stimulates gastric motility and secretion
True
True or false? The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions facilitated by different enzymes that occur in the matrix of the mitochondria
True
Which part of the urinary system filters waste products, Toxins, an excess fluid from the bloodstream? A. BLadder B. Ureters C. Kidneys D. Urethra
C.
Kidneys
The study of the anatomy physiology and pathology of the kidney is which of the following A. Urology B. Nephrology C. Endocrinology D. Kinesiology
B Nephrology
Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system
A. Conserves nutrients in eliminates waste
B. Regulates blood pressure and blood volume
C. Regulate pH levels in the body
D. Manufactures enzymes that help with the digestion of proteins fats and carbohydrates
D. Manufactures enzymes that help with the digestion of proteins fats and carbohydrates
The indentation in the kidney that faces mediately is the A. Cortex B. Medulla C. Renal pyramid D. Hilum
D. Hilum
From deep to superficial which is the correct order of layers covering the kidney
A. Renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia
B. Renal fascia, Adopise capsule, renal cspsule
C. Renal capsule, renal fascia, adipose capsule
D. Adipose capsule, renal fascia, renal capsule
A. Renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia
The cups shaped structures into which any urine that is formed in the kidney drains are known as the….. A Renal pyramids B. Renal columns C. Renal calyces D. Renal capsules
C. Renal calyces
The large pores between the endophilial cells of the capillaries in the glomerulus Are known as which of the following A. Pedocytes B. Fenestratioms C. Pedicels D. Filtration slits
B. Fenestrations
Which percentage of urine is water A. 12% to 15% B. 27% to 30% C. 52% to 56% D. 93% to 97%
D. 93% to 97%
The smooth muscle of the bladder wall is which of the following A. External urethral sphincter B. Internal urethral sphincter C. Detrusor muscle D. bulbocavernous muscle
C. Detrusor muscle
With age, which organ typically increases in size in men A. bladder B. Prostate C. Kidney D. Ureter
B. Prostate
The renal artery/renal vein, lymphatics, and renal nerves enter and leave the kidney at the ________
Hilum
Together. With the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus are known as the ______________.
Renal corpuscle
True or false? Urine is a sterile fluid
A true
True or false? The filtration membrane of the nephron allows large structures such as proteins to pass through
False
True or false the detrussor muscle in the sphincter of the bladder are controlled by autonomic nerves
True
True or false the band of circular skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor is the external urethral sphincter
True
True or false one effect of massage is the potential decrease of urine production
False
