AP MC Exam 1 - Study Guide Review Flashcards
Causes to why the federal government has grown so quickly?
- states are in constant need of proper resources to supply wants & needs of their respective areas
- fed. government must accommodate such needs
McCulloch vs. Maryland
- issue at hand: creation of a national bank in the US (Hamilton vs. Jefferson)
- Refusal to renew charter of the national bank **creation of a Second National Bank
- MARYLAND: State of Maryland wanted to tax the bank since it was within its borders
- MCCULLOCH: denies to pay tax because the bank was under federal government
- FINAL DECISION: Congress had the right to create the national bank; Elastic Clause
Extradition
removal of a person from requested state to a requesting state for criminal prosecution or punishment
How many times has the constitution been amended?
27 times
Federalism?
- the relationship between the federal gov. & state gov.
- layered divisions between both branches
- states specific powers and responsibilities for each branch/simultaneous
- can be undermined by lack of voter participation
Privileges & Immunities Clause?
- protects people’s rights in each state they enter
- prevents states from treating other state citizens unfairly
Social Contract Theory?
- based from the writings of John Locke
- based on the belief that the people and the fed. government had a “contract” that the people had the authority to change such leadership when it proves to be faulty
Who takes over for the Senate when the VP is absent?
President Pro Tempore - const. recognized officer of the Senate
Senate Term?
- 6 years
- looked at as the more senior chamber
- responsible for confirmation of laws etc..
HOR Term?
- 2 years
- looked at as the “people’s chamber”
- responsible for rev. & taxes
Presidency Terms?
- 4 years
Pluralist Theory?
- politics regarded within a competition among various groups pressing for their own wants & needs
- more than one center of power
- coexistence of multiple interests
Checks & Balances?
- DEFINITION: a balance system of powers given to each branch to prevent overreach of power
1. Makes Laws (leg.) + Veto Laws (exec.)
2. Makes Laws (leg.) + Unconst. (jud.)
3. Veto Laws (exec.) + Override Veto (leg.)
4. Can Impeach Exec. (Leg.)
5. Exec. Orders (exec.) + Unconst. (jud.)
6. Interpret Laws (jud.) + Nominate Judges (exec.)
Antifederalist fears?
- worried federal power make take over again
- trauma from the British monarchy
- no BOR established
- nation’s growing population + size
Full Faith & Credit Clause?
- each state has to protect other states’ legislative choices, records, etc.
- Article 4, Section 1
Unitary System?
all governing power given to a central state of power
US v. Lopez?
- MAIN ISSUE: Did the federal gov. overstep its powers?
- Firearm possession is not under the means of interstate commerce *Commerce Clause
- overreached boundaries: suspect was already undergoing state charges
Civil Law of 1964?
outlawed discrimination against race, color, religion, sex, and national origin
*14th Amendment
James Madison + Factions?
- Federalist Paper 10
- strong central gov. would help protect against the methods of “factions”
- factions are groups that lead through specific narrow interests
- fear that these narrow factions could take over w/o a proper fed. gov.
Drinking Age + Federal Highway Grants?
- the US has a drinking age of 21
- Lousiana: wanted age to be 18
- Federal gov. : would allow but the state would not receive grants for highway funding
Virginia Plan vs. NJ Plan?
- main issue: form of government?
- Virginia Plan: wanted a bi-cameral legislative (more population = more members)
- NJ Plan: wanted a unicameral legislative
(one equal vote)
Federal vs. State Powers?
FEDERAL
- declare war
- coin money
- establish foreign policy
- interstate & foreign trade
CONCURRENT
- court systems/criminal justice
- raise taxes
- educational sys.
STATE
- establish local gov.
- regulate intrastate commerce
- ratify amendments
Impeachment Steps?
- HOR - vote of a simple majority
- Senate - trial
Specific Qualifications for Presidency?
- 35+
- Natural-born citizen
- must have lived in US for 14 years
Block vs. Categorical Grants?
- Grant: government funding for projects or public services
- Block Grants: for greater/general purchases
- Commercial Grants: for more specific purchases/narrowly defined purposes
Marbury v. Madison?
- IMPORTANT: established the principle of judicial review
Mandate?
an official order, commission, or authority to carry out a policy
Electoral College?
Definition: the process by which the United States elects the President, even though that term does not appear in the U.S. Constitution. In this process, the States elect the President and Vice President.
Process: works through the heads of electors, elected from the state’s political party
Tie? - HOR chooses with each state having one vote: A majority of states (26) is needed to win
Article 1
- legislative branch duties
- congress
- senate
- HOR
- elections
Article 2
- executive branch duties
Article 3
- judicial branch duties
Article 4
- state relations
- full credit and faith clause
- state gov.
Article 5
- amendment process
- 2/3 from both houses
- 2/3 from states - convention
Article 6
- no religious exams for office
- treaties
Article 7
- ratification
Amendment 1
freedom of religion, press, assembly, & petition
Amendment 2
right to bear arms
Amendment 3
no quartering soldiers
Amendment 4
search & seizure
Amendment 5
- due process law
- grand jury
- double jeopardy
- self-incrimination
Amendment 6
- speedy trial
- counsel
- confront witnesses
Amendment 7
- jury trial in civil cases
Amendment 8
- no unusual punishments
Amendment 9
- non-enumerated powers given to people
Amendment 10
- fed. gov cannot assume powers
- rights reserved to states or people
Amendment 11
rules of cases: basically outlines what cases the fed. court can/not take
Amendment 12
President and VP Selection
Amendment 13
abolition of slavery
Amendment 14
- due process clause
- equal protection clause
- paid debts
- citizenship rights
Amendment 15
black men can vote
Amendment 16
creation of the income tax
Amendment 17
the direct election of senators
Amendment 18
no liquor
Amendment 19
women can vote
Amendment 20
inauguration date + assembly of congress
Amendment 21
liquor !
Amendment 22
two term limit for presidency
Amendment 23
DC vote
Amendment 24
no poll taxes
Amendment 25
president succession
Amendment 26
vote 18+
Amendment 27
congressional pay raises
