Ap Language Notes 21-40 Flashcards
in writing or speech, the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect is known as this. possibly the oldest literary device, has its roots in Biblical Psalms used to emphasize certain words or phases. gradually, Elizabethan and Romanic writes brought this device into practice.
anaphora
derived from a greek word that means turning upon, which indicates the same word returns at the end of each sentence. a stylistic device that can be defined as the repetition of phrases or words at the end of the clauses or sentences. it is also called epiphora. examples are frequently found in literary pieces in persuasive writing and speeches
epistrophe
derived from a greek word which means unconnected. it is a stylistic device used in literature and poetry to intentionally eliminate conjunctions between the phrases and in the sentence, yet maintaining the grammatical accuracy. this literary tool helps in reducing the indirect meaning of the phrase and presents the concise form; helps in speeding up the rhythm of the words. mostly this technique is used in speech
asyndeton
greek word meaning “bound together”. it makes use of coordinating conjunctions like “and”, “but”, “or”, and “nor”. which are used to join successive words, phrases, or clauses in such a way that these conjunctions are used even when it is not grammatically necessary
polysyndeton
literary devise in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part. distinguishing between this and metonymy often take thoughtful consideration
synecdoche
in written composition, is an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. it is something important to the reader to “sense” to determine an argument. it is generally conveyed through the choice of words of the view point of a writer on a particular subject
tone
a step-by-step breakdown of the phases of a process, used to convey the details of each phrase of thinking, an operation, etc. it is often used to improve understanding and also to break down an argument to make it more comprehensible
process analysis
set of rules in a language. it dictates how words from different parts of speech are put together in order to form a complete thought. in plain english, it refers to how we choose to arrange our words. the choice of which word is called DICTION. the two are closely related
syntax
“diction” is our choice of words. thus “provocative diction” is the purposeful choice of words serving or intending to provoke, excite, or stimulate a provocative question that will frame a rhetorical argument
provocative diction
action or process of classifying something according to shared qualities or characteristics. often is a strategy of argumentative response in effort to provide the reader with structure to YOUR argument. it would be considered a support to both logos and ethos in presenting an argument
classification
Ex: if you win 10 million dollars and then you tell the news reporter that you are delighted. its the opposite of a hyperbole or an overstatement. it makes large things feel small
understatement
a very purposeful word choice that will serve to accentuate the tone and the meaning
colorful diction
an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument. when writing in the argumentative mode, it is mandatory that the writer acknowledge the “other” side of the argument that you are making
counterargument
if somebody gives an argument to support his/her position, it is called making a _____. different reasons are usually presented to prove why a certain point should be accepted as logical
claim
type of literary devise that appears in different categories of essays and thesis in the form of paraphrase and quotations. it is presented to persuade the reader and used in powerful arguments and in the texts or essays. in rhetoric, when a person makes a claim or presents ______ in support of their claim for authenticity
evidence
glue that holds an argument together. it links the evidence to the to the claim. “this evidence supports the claim because…” statement of support
warrent
erroneous argument dependent upon an unsound or illogical contention. there are many ______ examples that we can find in everyday conversations
fallacy
argumentation formal fallacy (deductive) is a pattern of reasoning/thinking rendered invalid by flaw in its logical structure that can be neatly expressed in a standard logic system. for example, propositional logic. an argument that in formally factious is always considered wrong
logical fallacy
many believe ______ and prediction are the same but they are not. they both “forecast” the future but _____ does not have an element of time. it has all the other elements of a prediction
prophecy
a forecast made by those who calculate the parameters of the subject involves after evaluating the odds they can predict the future within a certain period of time. Ex: weather forecasting
prediction
