AP Human Urbanization Vocab Flashcards
megacity
10-19 million population
metacity
20 million + population
primate city
the biggest city in a country
rank size rule
the population of the second largest city in a state is about 1/2 the size of the largest city and the third largest citys population is about 1/4 the population fo the largest city
world city
a city that exerts influence on a global scale
other criteria for world city
communication and media, cultural, interaction, research and development, livability, environment
______ is downplayed
political influence
central business district
the central location where the majority of businesses is located
suburbanization
cheaper land equals cheaper and bigger homes, escape noise, congestion, crime of downtowns
exurb
a settlement on the outer periphery
boomburb
a suburb that has grown into a sprawling city with a population over 100,000
edge city
sizable concentration of business
is katy a boomburb or an edge city
boomburb
mixed-land use
setting aside more commercial land for businesses instead of residential could reduce commute times
southeast asian city model
GOLD no traditional CBD the city is based around a port zone geographic location
SE Asian - alien commercial zone
to expand trade with western states
SE Asian - government facilities are also located near
the port
SE Asian - residence zones are not
separated by class, the wealtlhy and poor can live next to each other
Latin American city model
GOD the CBD is in the center but is connected to a mall though a spine. nicest homes are along the spine.
disamenity zones
areas of high poverty, located in the global periphery
African city model
GLORY three distinct CBDs, colonial CBD grid system, traditional CBD lowerise buildings, vendor, third CBD openair markets
outer rings of african city model
squatter settlements
higher income neighborhoods of the african city model
near the CBDs
concentric zone model, 1925
the CBD is in the center, the zone of transition , the farther the ring is away, the lower the population density and more residential land use, people can afford single family homes
hoyt sector model
the CBD is the center but there is a greater emphasis on transportation. Businesses will emerge along transportation routes.
Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model
acknowledges there are multiple nodes besides the CBD. Industrial nodes will attract different type of people than corporate nodes. High class homes are on the periphery.
example of hoyt model
Philadelphia
example of multiple nuclei model
los angeles
Zone of transition
lower income residents, often immigrants living in cramped apartments
CBD
where most of the economic activities take place.
central place theory
explains the spacial relationship between cities and the surrounding communities. hierarchy regarding the size and location of communities. cities provide more specialized goods and services.
order of the hexagonal hierarchy
cities (houston), then towns
(katy), then villages (the heights), then hamlets (nottingham country)
threshold
the minimum number of customers needed for business to keep operating
range
the maximum distance a person is willing to travel for a service or good
new urbanism
school of thought - limit urban sprawl and preserve nature
zoning
designing a zone in a city in when certain land use is permitted
smart-growth policies
designing cities to be more efficient and environmentally responsible in the use of spaces
ecological footprint
the impact of a person or a community on the environment expressed as the amount of land required to sustain its use of natural resources
transportation-oriented development
establishing public transit stations throughout the city to reduce dependence on automobiles
slow-growth cities
limits new development in the periphery of a city by establishing boundaries
greenbelt
planting trees and forests around the periphery of a city to limit urban sprawl
urban renewal
a movement where federal funds were granted to rebuild and revitalize down-towns
infilling
building on an existing developed area on land that has been vacated
brownfield
contaminated commercial land that has been abandoned
gentrification
the process of rebuilding and renewing an urban area that results in lower income residents to become displaced
de facto segregation
the separation of ethnic groups along socioeconomic lines instead of laws
redlining
the practice where a bank refuses to give a home load used on the ethnic composition of the area
blockbusting
a practice where real estate agents convince white home owners to sell their homes below the market price because minorities were moving into the neighborhood
