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AP Human Agriculture vocab > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1

1
Q

sedentary societies

A

permanent societies, no need to migrate

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2
Q

neolithic revolution (first agricultural revolution)

A

10000 BCE to 2200 BCE. Began in the fertile crescent, India, China, Mesoamerica. Significance, population growth and sedentary societies.

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3
Q

First crops

A

wheat, barley, corn (native americans), rice

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4
Q

second agricultural revolution

A

1600s and 1700s. significance, malthus theory was debunked, food production could grow exponentially.

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5
Q

enclosure

A

the consolidation of large farms by individuals, driving out small communal farmers.

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6
Q

Exponential growth for food production was made possible by advances in technology such as what?

A

mechanization

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7
Q

mechanization

A

mechanical plower and reaper, seed drill, barbed wire fences, fertilizer, combine

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8
Q

green revolution (third agricultural revolution)

A

scientists used knowledge of genetics to develop high-yield strains of crops, plant hybrids, pesticides. It led to the development of GMOs

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9
Q

GMOs

A

a plant or animal obtained through genetic manipulation

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10
Q

pros of GMOs

A

feed large populations affordably

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11
Q

cons of GMOs

A

impure food, environmental damage, exploitation of small farmers and workers by corporations, small farmers were driven out many small farmers could not afford the hybrid seeds and chemicals.

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12
Q

agribusiness

A

large scale agricultural business (production, processing, distribution) of food

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13
Q

biotechnology

A

the science of altering organisms through genetic manipulation

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14
Q

commodity chain

A

a network of people, information, processes and resources that work together to produce and distribute a product

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15
Q

why were the chicken farms located next to each other in rural area?

A

cheap land and labor

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16
Q

agglomeration

A

when businesses in the same industry are located next to each other

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17
Q

vertical integration

A

when a company controls every step of production from start to finish

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18
Q

economy of scale

A

costs reductions that occur when production rises

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19
Q

subsidies

A

loans, insurance, payments to farmers from the government (incentives to replace the lack of profit)

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20
Q

tariffs

A

a tax on foreign goods

21
Q

Top 2 agricultural exports

A

corn and soybeans

22
Q

commercial farming

A

larger scale agricultural practice

23
Q

subsistence farming

A

growing just enough crops and livestock to feed a family or village

24
Q

who would be the last to be affected by a price increase of diesel?

A

distributors

25
Q

agricultural hearth

A

the region where the crop originated

26
Q

where did grapes and olives originate?

A

Mediterranean climate zone(mild) - Greece and Italy

27
Q

where did potatoes originate?

A

southern mexico, can grow in high altitudes.

28
Q

where did wheat originate?

A

southwest Asia (Iraq)

29
Q

where did rice originate?

A

China

30
Q

which crops originated around the equator?

A

bananas, coffee, tobacco

31
Q

columbian exchange

A

the exchange of crops and livestock between the old world and the new world

32
Q

what came from the old world?

A

wheat, sugar, cattle, pigs, horses, chickens

33
Q

what came from the new world?

A

maize, potato, tomato, tobacco, pineapple, avocado, cocoa

34
Q

difference between plantations and commercial farms in developed states

A

-plantations focus on monocropping and monoculture
-commercial farms in developed states are more mechanized

35
Q

monocropping

A

planting the same crop for multiple seasons

36
Q

monoculture

A

planting the same crop annually

37
Q

cons of monoculture/monocropping

A

depletes the nutrients in the soil

38
Q

commodity dependence

A

occurs when 60% of a states’s export is dependent on one or two commodities (fluctuating prices in world markets

39
Q

what is an example of commodity dependence?

A

Nigeria and oil

40
Q

intensive agriculture

A

requires intensive labor but not much land

41
Q

what are some examples of intensive agriculture?

A

dairy farms, chicken farms, wet rice fields in Asia, tobacco and coffee plantations, mixed agriculture

42
Q

mixed agriculture

A

crops + livestock

43
Q

feedlots

A

save space

44
Q

is mixed agriculture intensive or extensive agriculture?

A

intensive agriculture

45
Q

extensive agriculture

A

requires a large amount of land but is not labor intensive

46
Q

what are examples of extensive agriculture?

A

slash and burn agriculture, grain fields, ranches

47
Q

slash and burn agriculture

A

cut down trees in a plot of land and burn the trees for fertilizer

48
Q

what are other names for slash and burn agriculture?

A

swidden and shifting agriculture

AP Human Agriculture vocab (1 decks)

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