AP GOV MIDTERM Study Guide Flashcards
Solidary Incentives
The social rewards of joining an interest group.
-Sense of pleasure
-Status
-Companionship
Free-Rider Problem
The tendency of individuals to avoid contributing to public goods
Example: All minorities benefit from the NAACP creating civil rights laws.
Delegate Model of Representation
Congressional members relay the wishes of their constituents.
-They seldom use their judgment and knowledge.
-They have to represent the party of the state rather than stick to their own.
Enumerated Powers
Powers of the federal government explicitly named in the Constitution.
Coalition
An alliance of political groups pursuing a common goal.
-Formed with factions.
Committee of the Whole
A committee in which all representatives serve to consider the details of a proposal.
Discharge Petition
A petition signed by members of the House of Representatives to bring a bill out of the committee and onto the floor for a vote.
Fillibuster
-Used by Senators to block a bill
-They continue to speak on the floor for as long as possible.
Logrolling
When two legislators agree to trade votes for each other’s benefit.
Why does Shaw V. Reno matter?
The court rules that racial redistricting must be held to a standard of STRICT scrutiny.
-No racial gerrymandering
How many members can the house have at a given time?
435
Which house has more formal debate due to its size?
The House
How many Senators can each state have?
2
Pork-Barrel Legislation
Laws or provisions that are created to specifically benefit one district.
Politico
Trustee+Delegate
Trustee
Trust in themselves to create and vote for policies by representing the people.
Liberal
Valence Issue
An issue most, if not all people can agree on.
Natural Rights
-Who progressed these ideas?
Rights people possess by natural law apart from a government.
-Enlightenment thinkers
Popular Sovereignty
By nature, the power to govern is in the hands of the people.
Social Contract
In order to protect their natural rights, people willingly give some of that power to a government.
-If the government violate, the people can overthrow it
Republicanism
People elect leaders to represent them in the public interest.
Limited Government
Prevent tyranny through checks and balances and the distribution of power among several acting members.
Pluralist
Groups of people associate with interest groups who compete to influence policy.
-Interest Groups
-Example: NAACP
Elite
Emphasizes more limited participation in policymaking on the assumption that government is complicated and most educated people need to run it.
Example: The electoral college
Participatory
The broad participation in the political process by most, if not all members of society.
-Town Halls
-Small municipalities
-Keeping representatives accountable
Where is the pluralist democracy is the US constitution
The first amendment freedom of assembly
Where is participatory democracy in the Constitution
-In the first amendment freedoms of speech and press.
What was the main difference between Brutus 1 and Federalist 10?
-Brutus 1 advocated for a strong participatory model
-They feared that a large republic would prevent people from acquiring their personal liberties
-Federalist 10
-Argued that with competing factions, their personal liberties would be prioritized.
What were three problems with the AOC?
-Only one branch of the federal government (Congress)
-No president and no federal court
-Congress had no power to raise revenue through taxes
-Could not raise army
What event most greatly led to the Articles of Confederation being rewritten?
Daniel Shay’s Rebellion
The Great Compromise
Which branch interprets laws?
Judicial
Article III of the Constitution establishes
The Judicial Branch
What clause do we tend to derive enumerated powers from?
Necessary and Proper Clause
What is the 2nd amendment?
The right to bear arms.
Reserved Power
Concurrent Powers
Dual Cake Federalism
Block Grants
Cateogorical Grants
What was James Madison concerned about in Federalist 10?
-Competing interests may prevail against one other
