AP GOV CHP 7/9 Flashcards
Caucus
meeting of local party members to chose a party official for office
Closed primary
Primaries that only people in the party can participate in
Dealignment
period of time where people move away from he two major parties and more to the third partys
Ooen primary
Primary elections that anyone is allowed to participate in even if you are from a diffrent party
Hard money
Money that goes directly to candidate form individual and is limited
Realigning election
movement of voters to one political party from another
soft money
Contributions to be used for party building activities only from individuals (BANNED NOW)
crossover voting
Voting for one party’s candidate that is a different party than the person
minor party
Small political party, third party
national party convention
National meeting of delegates elected in primaries that meet every 4 yrs
political party
organization that seeks political power by electing ppl into offfive so their positions become public policy
superdelegates
selected officials in the democratic party who given the freedom to support any candidate for the presidential nominations
proportional representation
each party running receives the proportion of legislative seats corresponding to its proportion of its vote, maine and nebraska use it
winner take all
Election system where the candidate with the most votes wins
front loading
When states move their primaries earlier to have a influence on the election
electoral college
Electoral system to vote for the prez and vice prez
issue advocacy
promoting a particular issue paid for by interest groups or individuals, NOT CANDIDATES
safe seat
An elected officer that is predictably going to win by one party or another
single member district
Electoral district where voters vote for one official or representative.
super PACs
Fundraising organizations that can raise unlimited amounts of money but cannot give it directly to a candidate,
plurality
win with the most number of votes does not need majority. ecp 45% or 30% or 15% , 45% wins
BCRA
Congress passed BCRA to ban soft money donations from individuals and raised hard money to 2,000, lead to citizens united v. FEC
FECA
regulate political campaign financing, primary aim is to ensure fairness in the electoral process by setting limits to campaign contributions
FEC
FECA led to FEC, main job is to oversee and enforce campaign laws
partisan gerrymandering
Creating districts to favor a party
Buckley v. Veleo
Congress created FECA to set limits on the amount of money a individual should contribute to a campaign and required reporting contributions about the limit. QUESTION: Did it violate the First amendment? AWNSER: NO
Citizens united vs. Fec
Ruled the corporations and Unions can spend unlimited amounts as long as they are independent of a candidates campaign, expanded concept of free speech under the first amendment, spending money is a form of protected speech. CREATION OF SUPER PACS
Lame duck
Its the period of time when a prez tries to rerun but loses.
Independent expenditures
When an individual, group, or party spends unlimited amounts in campaigns as long as they operate independently from the candidates
PAC
Political action committee, spends money on campaigns
Term limits
President can only be in office for 2 terms while congress can re run as many times
Incumbrent advantages
Everyone already knows them, already have finacial stuff set up
Grass root campaigns
Campaign that is supported with many small donations by individuals
Blanket campaigns
Voters may pick one candidate for each office without respect to party lines LIKE MAYOR NOT PARTYS IN THE PICTURE
candidate centered politics
focus on candidates as individuals rather than party identification
Pluralism
A political system characterized by multiple competing interest groups that freely express their views and compete for influence over policy decisions
Iron triangle
The stable mutually beneficial relationship among three entities: government agencies, congressional committees, and interest groups
527 organizations
Political groups organized under section 527 of the IRS code that may accept and spend unlimited amounts of money on election activities
Amicus Curiae Brief
A brief filled by an individual or organization to present arguments in addition to those presented by the immediate parties to a case
open primary
Primary election in which voter, regardless of party, can vote
Gatekeeper role
Media decides what news gets released and what doesn’t
Agenda setting
The process of which media and political actors influence the importance place on issues
Watch Dog Role
The role played by the national media interest groups in government actors in investing political personalities and exposing scandals
Horse race journalism
Political journalism of elections that focuses on policy data public perception instead of candid policy and almost exclusively reports on candidate differences
Selective perception
The process by which individuals perceive what they want in media messages
Sound bite
A radio or video clip of someone speaking usually using news or political campaigns to convey a message
Litigation
litigation refers to the process of using courts to pursue policy preferences, often interest groups use it when they don’t like how something turned out
lobbying
lobbying is the act of individuals or groups (often interest groups) attempting to influence government decision-making and policy outcomes through communication
