AP Gov Chapter 3 Vocab

Question 0

Unitary government

Answer 0

A way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government. Most national governments today are unitary governments.

Question 1

Federalism

Answer 1

A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels if government have formal authority over the same land and people. It is a system of shared power between units of government.

Question 2

Confederation

Answer 2

In a confederation the national government is weak and most or all the power is in the hands of its components. Like individual states. Confederations are rare today. United Nations is an example of a confederation.

Question 3

Intergovernmental relations

Answer 3

The workings of the federal system-the entire set of interactions among nation state and local governments.

Question 4

Supremacy clause

Answer 4

Article VI of the constitution , which makes the constitution , national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.

Question 5

Tenth amendment

Answer 5

The constitutional amendments stating “the powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution nor prohibited by it to the states are reserved to the states respectively or to the people.”

Question 6

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 6

An 1818 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments. In deciding this case , Chief Justice John Marshall and his colleagues held that congress had certain implied powers in addition to the enumerated powers found in the constitution.

Question 7

Enumerated powers

Answer 7

Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the constitution; for congress these powers are listed in article I, section 8, and include the power to coin money, regulate its values , and impose taxes.

Question 8

Implied powers

Answer 8

Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the constitution. The constitution states that congress has the power to “make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution” the powers enumerated in article 1.

Question 9

Elastic clause

Answer 9

The final paragraph of article I section 8, of the constitution, which authorizes congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out enumerated powers.

Question 10

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 10

A landmark case decided in 1824 in which Supreme Court interpreted very broadly the clause in article 1 section 8 of the constitution giving congress the powers to regulate interstate commerce, encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity.

Question 11

Full faith and credit

Answer 11

A clause in article IV section 1, of the constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgements rendered by the courts of other states.

Question 12

Extradition

Answer 12

A legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the sate in which the crime is alleged to have been committed b

Question 13

Privileges and immunities

Answer 13

A clause in article IV section 2, of the constitution according citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states.

Question 14

Dual federalism

Answer 14

A system if government in which both the states an the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies. Powers are distinct like later cake b

Question 15

Cooperative federalism

Answer 15

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs,administration, and Even blame for programs that work poorly. Responsibilities are mingles and mixed like a marble cake.

Question 16

Fiscal federalism

Answer 16

The pattern of spending, taxing, an providing grants in the federal system, it is the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state an local governments.

Question 17

Categorical grants

Answer 17

Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes or “categories of state and local spending. They come with strings attached such as nondiscrimination provisions.

Question 18

Project grants

Answer 18

Federal categorical grants given for specific purposes and awarded in a basis of merits of applications.

Question 19

Formula grants

Answer 19

Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations.

Question 20

Block grants

Answer 20

Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad program in areas such as community development and social services.