AP Gov ch 2 Alyssa Rosales

Question 1

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 1

A key Framer who envisioned a powerful central government, co-authored The Federalist Papers, and served as the first Secretary of the Treasury.

Question 2

Anti-Federalists

Answer 2

Those who favored strong state government and a weak national government; opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

Question 3

Article I

Answer 3

Vests all legislative powers in the Congress and establishes a bicameral legislature, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives; it also sets out the qualification for holding office in each house, the terms of office, the methods of selection of representatives and senators, and the system of apportionment among the states to determine membership in the House of Representatives.

Question 4

Article II

Answer 4

Vests the executive power, that is, the authority to execute the laws of the nation, in a president of the United States; section 1 sets the president’s term of office at four years and explains the Electoral College and states the qualifications for office and describes a mechanism to replace the president in case of death, disability, or removed from office.

Question 5

Article III

Answer 5

Establishes a Supreme Court and defines its jurisdiction.

Question 6

Article IV

Answer 6

Mandates that states honor the laws and judicial proceedings of other states. also includes the mechanisms for admitting new states to the union.

Question 7

Article V

Answer 7

Specifies how amendments can be added to the Constitution.

Question 8

Article VI

Answer 8

Contains the supremacy clause, which asserts the basic primacy of the Constitution and national law over state laws and constitutions.

Question 9

Articles of Confederation

Answer 9

The compact between the thirteen original colonies that created a loose league of friendship, with the national government drawing its powers from the states.

Question 10

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 10

A brilliant inventor and senior statesman at the Constitutional Convention who urged colonial unity as early as 1754, twenty-two years before the Declaration of Independence.

Question 11

Bill of Rights

Answer 11

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties.

Question 12

Checks and balances

Answer 12

A constitutionally mandated structure that gives each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others.

Question 13

Common Sense

Answer 13

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that challenged the authority of the British government to govern the colonies.

Question 14

Constitution

Answer 14

A document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government.

Question 15

Constitutional Convention

Answer 15

The meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that was first intended to revise the Articles of Confederation but produced an entirely new document, the U.S. Constitution.

Question 16

Crispus Attucks

Answer 16

An African American and first American to die in what be came known as the Boston Massacre in 1770.

Question 17

Critical Period

Answer 17

The chaotic period from 1781 to 1789 after the American Revolution during which the former colonies were governed under the Articles of Confederation.

Question 18

Declaration of Independence

Answer 18

Document drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate from Great Britain.

Question 19

Electoral College

Answer 19

The system established by the Constitution through which the president is chosen by electors from each state, which has as many electoral votes as it has members of Congress.

Question 20

Enumerated Powers

Answer 20

The powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution.

Question 21

Federalism

Answer 21

The distribution of constitutional authority between state governments and the national government, with different powers and functions exercised by both.

Question 22

The Federalist Papers

Answer 22

The Federalist is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym “Publius” to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.

Question 23

First Continental Congress

Answer 23

meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution.

Question 24

French and Indian War

Answer 24

The French and Indian War comprised the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years’ War of 1756–63. It pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France. Both sides were supported by military units from their parent countries, as well as by American Indian allies

Question 25

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Answer 25

Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, known as the “Full Faith and Credit Clause”, addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.”

Question 26

George Washington

Answer 26

George Washington was the first President of the United States, and was among the nation’s Founding Fathers. As commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, he led the patriot forces in overcoming significant obstacles, ending with success over the British at Yorktown.

Question 27

Great Compromise

Answer 27

an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States government

Question 28

implied powers

Answer 28

Implied powers, in the United States, are powers authorized by the Constitution that, while not stated, seem implied by powers that are expressly stated

Question 29

inherent powers

Answer 29

Inherent powers are those powers that Congress and the president need in order to get the job done right. Although not specified in the Constitution, they are reasonable powers that are a logical part of the powers delegated to Congress and the president.

Question 30

James Madison

Answer 30

James Madison Jr. was an American statesman and Founding Father who served as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He is hailed as the “Father of the Constitution” for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights.

Question 31

John Jay

Answer 31

John Jay was an American statesman, Patriot, diplomat, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, negotiator and signatory of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, second Governor of New York, and the first Chief Justice of the United States.

Question 32

Lexington and Condord

Answer 32

The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The battles were fought on April 19, 1775 in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Menotomy, and Cambridge.

Question 33

mercantilism

Answer 33

Mercantilism is a national economic policy that is designed to maximize the trade of a nation. Mercantilism was dominant in modernized parts of Europe from the 16th to the 18th centuries

Question 34

Montesquieu

Answer 34

Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French judge, man of letters, and political philosopher. He is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.

Question 35

necessary and proper clause

Answer 35

trial paragraph of U.S Constitution, gives Congress the authority to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the Constitution, elastic clause

Question 36

New Jersey Plan

Answer 36

The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state’s population.

Question 37

new world

Answer 37

The New World is one of the names used for the majority of Earth’s Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas.

Question 38

political culture

Answer 38

the manifestation of the psychological and subjective dimensions of politics. A political culture is the product of both the history of a political system and the histories of the members. Thus, it is rooted equally in public events and private experience.

Question 39

Samuel Adams

Answer 39

Samuel Adams was an American statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

Question 40

Second Continental Congress

Answer 40

The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the spring of 1775 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It succeeded the First Continental Congress, which met in Philadelphia between September 5, 1774, and October 26, 1774.

Question 41

separation of powers

Answer 41

A feature of the Constitution that requires each of the three branches of government-executive, legislative, and judicial-to be relatively independent of the others so that one cannot control the others. Power is shared among these institutions.

Question 42

Shay’s rebellion

Answer 42

A series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by Revolutionary War Captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings.

Question 43

social contract theory

Answer 43

In both moral and political philosophy, the social contract is a theory or model that originated during the Age of Enlightenment and usually concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual.

Question 44

sons and daughters of liberty

Answer 44

People who were brought together as a response of the Stamp Act. They were common people.

Question 45

stamp act congress

Answer 45

or First Congress of the American Colonies, was a meeting held between October 7 and 25, 1765, in New York City, consisting of representatives from some of the British colonies in North America; it was the first gathering of elected representatives from several of the American colonies to devise a unified protest against new British taxation.

Question 46

supremacy clause

Answer 46

Constitution mandating that Nat’l law is supreme; establishes Constitution and Fed. law are the absolute law of last resort in U.S.

Question 47

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 47

Author of the Declaration of Independence

Question 48

Thomas Paine

Answer 48

an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist and revolutionary.

Question 49

three-fifths compromise

Answer 49

each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person for purposes of determining pop. for rep. in the U.S H.O.R

Question 50

Virginia plan

Answer 50

The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for representation of each state in Congress in proportion to that state’s share of the U.S. population.

Question 51

federalists

Answer 51

referred to as the Pro-Administration party until the 3rd United States Congress, was the first American political party. It existed from the early 1790s to 1816