AP exam documents Flashcards
what is brutus 1 about
argued that the proposed constitution would lead to an overly powerful central government, he believed that due to the constitution’s necessary and proper clause and the supremacy clasue that out state governments would just shrivel up and die he also believed a smaller government allows for a better understanding of public interest. and a bill of rights was necessary to protect the people from the governmnet
what is fed 10 about
It deals with the danger of “faction” in a democratic government and argues that the federal system that the Constitution created was the best solution to this problem. He said the proposed government is not likely to be taken over by any faction, in fact, he believed a larger government would help prevent the tyranny of any faction because as the nations grow more factions are born there power weakens.
what is fed 51 about
this paper was written by Madison and the main topic is the branches of the government and there check and balances system. He explains how the separate branches of government were created to control each other while also being able to control themselves aka the checks and balances system and these branches would help protect us from the tyranny of factions in the Government because the more factions there are the harder it is for one to take over.
what is fed 70 about
In this Federalist Paper, Alexander Hamilton argues for a strong executive leader, as provided for by the Constitution, as opposed to the weak executive under the Articles of Confederation. He asserts, “energy in the executive is the leading character in the definition of good government. it has often been used as a justification for expanding executive and presidential power
letter from Birmingham jail
wrote the Letter from Birmingham Jail while he was imprisoned for leading nonviolent civil rights demonstrations in Alabama in 1963. It says that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws and to take direct action rather than waiting potentially forever for justice to come through the courts.
the articles of confederation
Confederation of states, with an extremely limited central government.
limitations placed upon the central government rendered it ineffective at governing the continually
growing American states
Each state remains sovereign
Unicameral legislature, each state one vote
No President, No Judiciary
Could not force taxation; No standing Army
what was fed 78 about
Federalist No. 78 discusses the power of judicial review. It argues that the federal courts have the job of determining whether acts of Congress are constitutional and what must be done if the government is faced with the things that are done on the contrary of the Constitution. It also talks about how life time appointments are important in the jucicary branch because they make it possible for judges to not have to worry about pleasing the people due to reelction. Lifetime appointments also serve better purpose due to the amount of knowledge these judges need to know.
article 1 of the constitution
establishes our legislative branch as Congress (house and Senate) and tells us what powers they hold (collect taxes, declare war, create the army/navy, create all courts below the Supreme Court, regulate immigration/commerce) it also states the people have a right to a democracy AND THIS CREATES THE NECESSARY AND PROPER CLAUSE, commerce clause (congress regulates commerce/trade between foreign nations and between states)
article 2 of the constitution
this outlines are executive branch and how they are elected which is by the electoral college. Then goes on to tell us the presidents power (they are the commander in chief of the army and navy, and the president shall make sure the laws are FAITHFULLY EXECUTED)
article 3 of the constitution
this outlines the judicial branch it sates that we shall have one supreme court and than inferior courts as congress may establish. It also states how our Supreme Court has two jurisdiction types (1 original jurisdiction - the court is heading this case for the first time and 2 appellate jurisdiction - cases being appealed from a lower court most cases are this type)
article 4 of the constitution
this talks about the government’s relationship with the states and the relationship between the states themselves. This includes the full faith and credit which ensures that states respect and honor the state laws and court orders of other states, even when their own laws are different (if was married in oregon then im still married in california). It also talks about how we are entitled to all privileges and immunities in each state meaning we have to be treated how the state treats its own citizens. Says the states will be protected from foreign invasions. And finally, Congress can admit new states into the Union, but a single state cannot create a new state within its boundaries.
article 5 of the constitution
talks about the process to amend the constitution, establishes the two part system for this ( pt 1 - proposal pt 2 - ratification) a proposal can be made 2 ways one with 2/3 of houses propose or 2/3 of state legislatures can propose and then for ratification 3/4 of the states have to agree
article 6 of the constitution
created the supremacy clause this meant that if the federal government makes a law and then a state government makes a law that contradicts then the federal law rains supreme.
what was the civil rights act of 1964
This law prohibits discrimination based on race and other factors in public accommodations, which are generally defined as businesses that are open to the general public. Businesses cannot refuse to serve or employ people based on the protected classes in the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
what was the voting rights act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 prohibits discrimination in voting, banning practices such as
literacy tests and poll taxes.
