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English > AP Eng 3 Fall Semester Exam > Flashcards

AP Eng 3 Fall Semester Exam Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Allegory

A

Form of a metaphor; the meaning of a person, object, or action resides outside the story, the concrete is within the story. An allegory is a fictional work in which the characters represent ideas or concepts

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2
Q

Alliteration

A

The repetition of consonant sounds.

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3
Q

Analogy

A

Presents a resemblance to two things even though they are different

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4
Q

Anaphora

A

The intention repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of each stanza, paragraph, sentence, etc.

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5
Q

Antithesis

A

Strongly contrasting words

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6
Q

Aphorism

A

A short witty statement

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7
Q

Chiasmus

A

A statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed.

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8
Q

Concrete details

A

Details used in a persuasive paper which attempt to convince the reader: proof or evidence

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9
Q

Diction

A

Word choice; denotation = dictionary definition; connotation = associated ideas, concepts, emotions the word suggests.

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10
Q

Euphemism

A

A mild or pleasant sounding expression that substitutes for a harsh, indelicate, or simply less pleasant idea. (I.e.) the word ‘departed’ substitutes ‘dead’.

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11
Q

Imagery

A

A mental picture conjured by specific words and associations, but there can be auditory and sensory concepts as well.

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12
Q

Litote

A

Figure of thought in which a point is affirmed by negating its opposite. Ex. “He’s no fool” implies that he is wise

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13
Q

Metaphor

A

Two unlike things are compared directly, without ‘like’ or ‘as’

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14
Q

Metonymy

A

Figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it. Ex. ‘Crown’ relates to royalty.

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15
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

An effect created by words that have sounds that reinforce their meaning.

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17
Q

Paradox

A

A contradiction that has a truth

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18
Q

Parallelism

A

A literary technique that relies on the use of the same syntactical structures in a series in order to develop an argument or emphasize an idea.

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19
Q

Polysyndeton

A

The deliberate use of multiple conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or verbs

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20
Q

Syllogism

A

A form of deductive reasoning in which pieces of evidence are used to create a new conclusion. Ex. “All children are imaginative; Sam is a child; therefore Sam is imaginative.”

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21
Q

Synecdoche

A

Using one part of an object to represent the entire object (Ex. Referring to a car as “wheels”)

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22
Q

Synesthesia

A

the production of a sense impression relating to one sense or part of the body by stimulation of another sense or part of the body.

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23
Q

Cause/Effect

A

Shows the reasons why things happen, and the effects of those causes

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24
Q

Comparison/Contrast

A

Shows how subjects are alike/different

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25
Q

Description

A

Takes a subject and describes it very well

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26
Q

Definition

A

Defines a subject in a fuller or more extended manner

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27
Q

Exposition

A

A writing meant to explain, inform, etc.

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28
Q

Narrative

A

Tells a story or narrates an event

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29
Q

Persuasion

A

Attempts to get the audience on the authors side

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30
Q

Ethos

A

Appeals to ethical principles

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31
Q

Logos

A

Appeals to reason or logic

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32
Q

Pathos

A

Appeals to emotions

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33
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Reasoning from general to specific

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34
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Reasoning from specific to general

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35
Q

Concession

A

Accepting that a part of the opposing sides argument may be true

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36
Q

Refutation

A

Negation of an argument or opinion

37
Q

Ad hominem

A

Means “to the man”; an argument that attacks the opposing speaker or person rather than addressing the issues at hand

38
Q

Ad populum

A

Means “appeal to people”; a fallacy that an argument concludes to be true because most people believe it

39
Q

Ad misericordium

A

An appeal to pity; a fallacy that tries to exploit the opponent’s feelings of pity or guilt

40
Q

Begging the question

A

A fallacy that omits the minor premise and goes directly to the conclusion

41
Q

Circular reasoning

A

A fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with

42
Q

Either/or fallacy

A

A fallacy that omits at least one additional and valid option

43
Q

False analogy

A

A fallacy that assumes since two things are alike in one situation that they are alike in another respect

44
Q

Faulty cause (post hoc ergo propter hoc)

A

Indicates that a casual relationship has erroneously been assumed from a merely sequential one. ex. “Since event Y followed event X, event Y must have been caused by event X.”

45
Q

Hasty generalization

A

A fallacy of faulty generalization by reaching an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence

46
Q

Poisoning the well

A

Fallacy where irrelevant things information about a target is preemptively presented to the audience

47
Q

Absolutes (words/phrases)

A

Words :Words free from limitations or qualifications (best, all, etc.)

Phrases: Has a subject, but no acting verb. Modifies a whole sentence.

48
Q

Antecedent

A

When pronouns refer back to the previous noun or pronoun in a sentence.

49
Q

Clauses

A

Any combination of subject or verb which makes a complete sentence. If the subject-verb combination expresses complete meaning, the clause is independent. If not, the clause is dependent.

50
Q

Subordinating conjunctions

A

A conjunction that introduces a subordinate clause, ex. Although, because, etc.

51
Q

Understatement

A

When the author assigns less significance to an event or thing than it deserves

52
Q

Formal diction

A

High leveled writing that creates an elevated tone without the use of slang, idioms, colloquialisms, and contractions.

53
Q

Semi-formal diction

A

Uses standard language and vocabulary and may use contractions.

54
Q

Informal diction

A

The language of everyday use; relaxed and conversational; may include slang, idioms, etc.

55
Q

Dialect

A

A form of a language that is peculiar to a specific group

56
Q

Didactic diction

A

Diction that is intended to teach, may have moral instruction

57
Q

Invective diction

A

Insulting and critical diction

58
Q

Irony

A

the expression of one’s meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite

59
Q

Jargon

A

special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.

60
Q

Pedantic

A

Bookish and scholarly in tone; often boring and dull due to little interest on the part of the listener

61
Q

Sarcasm

A

A bitter expression of disapproval; sometimes intended to be harsh and hurtful; levels of intensity exist

62
Q

Satire

A

To ridicule or mock ideas, people, events, or doctrines, or to make fun of human foibles or weaknesses. Ex. “Gulliver’s Travels”

63
Q

Subjective

A

Expressing in a personal manner of your convictions, beliefs and ideas; a subjective response is likely to be emotional.

64
Q

Antagonist

A

The force against the protagonist, a person, nature of the person’s psyche

65
Q

Artificial setting

A

Man-made settings

66
Q

Author’s purpose

A

To persuade, inform, entertain, etc.

67
Q

Details

A

Specifically described items placed in a work for effect and meaning

68
Q

Language

A

The style of the sentence and the vocabulary used in conversation and written communication. Ex. Slang, formal, parental, didactic, common, etc.

69
Q

Point of view

A

The particular perspective from which a story is told.

70
Q

Rhetoric

A

The art and logic of a written or spoken argument.

71
Q

Rhetorical features

A

All of the parts of tone: diction, imagery, details, language, and sentence structure

72
Q

Rhetorical shift

A

Changing from one tone, attitude, or distance to another. Look for transitional words such as but, however, even though, although, yet, etc.

73
Q

Setting

A

The time and place in which the events in a work occur.

74
Q

Theme

A

The central idea of the work.

75
Q

Romanticism

A

a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.

76
Q

Transcendentalism

A

an idealistic philosophical and social movement that developed in New England around 1836 in reaction to rationalism. Influenced by romanticism, Platonism, and Kantian philosophy, it taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity, and its members held progressive views on feminism and communal living. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were central figures.

77
Q

Puritanism

A

A religious reform movement in the 16th and 17th centuries in which Puritans sought to “purify” the Church of England.

78
Q

Rationalism

A

a belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response.

79
Q

Nathaniel Hawthorne

A

A dark romantic who lived in Salem, Massachusetts. Famous works include “The Scarlett Letter”

80
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

A former slave born in Tuckahoe, Maryland wrote about the horrors and dark truth of slavery

81
Q

Ralph Waldo Emerson

A

An American essayist, whom led the transcendentalist movement in the 19th century; famous works include “Nature”, “Beauty”, “Commodity”, and “Self-Reliance”.

82
Q

Henry David Thoreau

A

An American essayist, also an abolitionist, who was a transcendentalist. Famous works include “Where I Lived and What I Lived For”.

83
Q

Edgar Allen Poe

A

An American writer and critic, who is best known for his poetry. One of his famous works includes “The Fall on the House of Usher”.

84
Q

Edward Abbey

A

An American modern romantic, who most wrote about the Western deserts. One of his famous works includes “The Serpents of Paradise”.

85
Q

Carl Sagan

A

An American astronomer and science writer. He was controversial in his scientific, political and religious views on some issues. A famous work of his was “The Pale Blue Dot”.

86
Q

Robert Finch

A

A nature writer living in Wellfleet, Massachusetts. He lives near Cape Cod and writes about it for 40 years. One of his famous works is “Very Like a Whale”.

English (8 decks)

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