AP CSP powerpoint notes Flashcards
after 9/11, Vint Cerf was concerned about maintaining some of the principles of openness and access upon which the Internet was built. He wrote the memo … as a plea to the IETF to make sure the way the Internet is engineered maintained the philosophy that it should be available and usable by everyone in the world
The Internet is for Everyone
fixed structure/rules for messages between computers so that they can be interpreted properly:
protocol
it is much easier to work with large numbers using … than … or …
hexadecimal; decimal; binary
one hexadecimal digit = … bits
two hexadecimal digits = … bits
eight bits = …
4; 8; 1 byte
1 KB is about
1 thousand bytes
1 byte is one
typed character
an email without images is about … KB
A five page paper might be … KB
text is …, requiring few bytes compared to images or sound or video
2; 100; compact
Megabyte is about
1 million bytes
1 MB is about … KB
1000
MP3 audio is about …
a high quality digital picture is about …
1 MB/min; 2-5 MB
1 gigabyte is about
a billion bytes
1 GB = … MB
1000
GB is a common unit for
modern hardware
an ordinary computer might have:
… GB of RAM
…. GB of persistent storage
4; 256
A DVD disk has a capacity of … GB (single layer)
4.7
1 TB is about …. GB, or roughly …. bytes
1000; 1 trillion
1 gigahertz is … cycles per …
it is a measure of …, very roughly the rate that a CPU can do its … per second –> does not tell you precisely how quickly a CPU ….
Higher gigahertz CPUs also tend to be more … to produce and they use more ….
1 billion; second; speed; simplest operation; gets work done; expensive; power
ARM company is famous for producing chips that are very … with minimal … and ….
Almost all cell phones currently use …
productive; power; heat; ARM CPUs
Compression is a method/protocol for using fewer bits to represent the original information. can be achieved in a variety of methods including looking for … and substituting symbols for the larger patterns of data
patterns
Raster images store the image as an … of individual pixels, each of which has a particular color
array
if a faster route opens up halfway through transmitting a large file, it is easy to reroute later packets in the transmission
through that route
TCP divides larger messages into smaller … which have … information added to their header. When a packet arrives at a destination computer, an acknowledgment is sent to the …, letting them know they don’t need to resend that packet. Once all the packets have arrived, the ordering information in the headers of the packets allows them to be … to create the original message
packets; ordering; sender; reordered
