AP CSP powerpoint notes

Question 1

after 9/11, Vint Cerf was concerned about maintaining some of the principles of openness and access upon which the Internet was built. He wrote the memo … as a plea to the IETF to make sure the way the Internet is engineered maintained the philosophy that it should be available and usable by everyone in the world

Answer 1

The Internet is for Everyone

Question 2

fixed structure/rules for messages between computers so that they can be interpreted properly:

Answer 2

protocol

Question 3

it is much easier to work with large numbers using … than … or …

Answer 3

hexadecimal; decimal; binary

Question 4

one hexadecimal digit = … bits
two hexadecimal digits = … bits
eight bits = …

Answer 4

4; 8; 1 byte

Question 5

1 KB is about

Answer 5

1 thousand bytes

Question 6

1 byte is one

Answer 6

typed character

Question 7

an email without images is about … KB
A five page paper might be … KB
text is …, requiring few bytes compared to images or sound or video

Answer 7

2; 100; compact

Question 8

Megabyte is about

Answer 8

1 million bytes

Question 9

1 MB is about … KB

Answer 9

1000

Question 10

MP3 audio is about …

a high quality digital picture is about …

Answer 10

1 MB/min; 2-5 MB

Question 11

1 gigabyte is about

Answer 11

a billion bytes

Question 12

1 GB = … MB

Answer 12

1000

Question 13

GB is a common unit for

Answer 13

modern hardware

Question 14

an ordinary computer might have:
… GB of RAM
…. GB of persistent storage

Answer 14

4; 256

Question 15

A DVD disk has a capacity of … GB (single layer)

Answer 15

4.7

Question 16

1 TB is about …. GB, or roughly …. bytes

Answer 16

1000; 1 trillion

Question 17

1 gigahertz is … cycles per …
it is a measure of …, very roughly the rate that a CPU can do its … per second –> does not tell you precisely how quickly a CPU ….
Higher gigahertz CPUs also tend to be more … to produce and they use more ….

Answer 17

1 billion; second; speed; simplest operation; gets work done; expensive; power

Question 18

ARM company is famous for producing chips that are very … with minimal … and ….
Almost all cell phones currently use …

Answer 18

productive; power; heat; ARM CPUs

Question 19

Compression is a method/protocol for using fewer bits to represent the original information. can be achieved in a variety of methods including looking for … and substituting symbols for the larger patterns of data

Answer 19

patterns

Question 20

Raster images store the image as an … of individual pixels, each of which has a particular color

Answer 20

array

Question 21

if a faster route opens up halfway through transmitting a large file, it is easy to reroute later packets in the transmission

Answer 21

through that route

Question 22

TCP divides larger messages into smaller … which have … information added to their header. When a packet arrives at a destination computer, an acknowledgment is sent to the …, letting them know they don’t need to resend that packet. Once all the packets have arrived, the ordering information in the headers of the packets allows them to be … to create the original message

Answer 22

packets; ordering; sender; reordered