ap bio cumulative flash card

Question 1

4 big ideas of ap bio

Answer 1

evolution, energetics, info storage, transmission

Question 2

inductive reasoning

Answer 2

coming to a conclusion based purely off past experiences

Question 3

deductive reasoning

Answer 3

coming to conclusion based off if-then statements (one factual; one circumstantial)

Question 4

null hypo?

Answer 4

stating that there is no relationship between the ind and dep variable

Question 5

alt hypo?

Answer 5

stating a potential relationship btwn two variables (positive, negative, inverse)

Question 6

scientific inquiry

Answer 6

observation + hypo

Question 7

qualitative data

Answer 7

5 senses

Question 8

quantitative data

Answer 8

numbers

Question 9

hypo -> theory -> law

Answer 9

theory- group of hypos summarized
law - comes from math formulas

Question 10

negative control group

Answer 10

exposed to treatment w NOO effect (nothing happens)

Question 11

positive control group

Answer 11

exposed to treatment with EXPECTED effect

Question 12

octet rule

Answer 12

all elements do things to their e- to have a complete valence shell and become stable

Question 13

covalent bonds

Answer 13

share electrons (non-metals)

Question 14

electronegativity

Answer 14

ability of an atom to attract e-

Question 15

3 types of bonds

Answer 15

ionic, covalent, metallic

Question 16

2 types of covalent

Answer 16

non-polar, polar

Question 17

non-polar covalent v.s polar covalent

Answer 17

not share = e- v.s sharing = e-

Question 18

hydrogen bond

Answer 18

+ hydrogen atom extracts to e- in another polar covalent molecules

Question 19

what is polarity

Answer 19

unequal share of e-

Question 19

prop of water?

Answer 19

polarity, cohesion, adhesion, capillary action, temp control (withstand high heat, evap cooling), density (ice is less), versatile solvent

Question 20

adhesion

Answer 20

attract to not water molecule

Question 21

cohesion

Answer 21

attracted to other water molecule

Question 22

capillary action

Answer 22

adhesion > cohesion (up)

Question 23

temp control tactics

Answer 23

can withstand a high heat; evaporates

Question 24

density

Answer 24

ice < liquid ( hydrogen bonds distance )

Question 25

Acids

Answer 25

increase of hydrogen concentration

Question 26

other word for hydrogen ions

Answer 26

protons

Question 27

base (alkaline substances)

Answer 27

more hydroxide concentration

Question 28

what’s a buffer

Answer 28

they minimize changes of hydrogen and hydroxide concentration

Question 29

organic chemistry

Answer 29

study of covalent bonded carbon compounds

Question 30

organic compounds

Answer 30

compound w carbon and hydrogen

Question 31

isomers

Answer 31

compounds w same molecular formula

Question 32

geometric isomer

Answer 32

same arrangement diff spatial arrangement

Question 33

structural isomers

Answer 33

diff covalent arrangements

Question 34

enantiomers

Answer 34

mirror image of isomer

Question 35

hydroxyl

Answer 35

polar

Question 36

methyl

Answer 36

non polar

Question 37

carbonyl

Answer 37

polar

Question 38

carboxyl

Answer 38

charged ; acidic

Question 39

amino

Answer 39

accepts H+ to form NH3

Question 40

phosphate

Answer 40

5 P

Question 41

sulfhydryl

Answer 41

polar