AP BIO CH. 40-47 FR

Question 1

Describe relevant structures in cnidaria, annelida, and chordata in gas exchange and locomotion

Answer 1

Gas Exchange (Respiratory)
-Cnidaria: Has body wall that functions through diffusion of O2 and CO2. The wall is 2 layers thick and allows for increased surface area.
-Annelidia: Has skin that is moist and thin and allows for the diffusion of O2 and CO2. Allows for increased surface area.
-Chordata: In amphibians the skin is moist and thin and allows for the diffusion of O2 and CO2. This helps for an increased oxygen/CO2 rate of change
Locomotion:
-Cnidaria: Cilia are tiny-hair like structures on larvae allows for swimming and help increase food gathering options
-Annelidia: See above
-Chordata: have skeletons with vertebrae and muscles that allow for muscle contraction and movement. Muscles are attached to bone inside the body. help food gathering

Question 2

Endotherms and Ectotherms and metabolism

Answer 2

Endotherms include birds and mammals. Endotherms are warmed by heat generated by their own metabolism and stay relatively stable regardless of outside temperature. Ectotherms include most invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and non-bird reptiles. In ectotherms, external sources provide most of the heat for temperature regulation. Endothermy is more energetically expensive and allows the animal to maintain a high level of aerobic metabolism.

**When conditions are similar and nimals are the same size, the basal metabolic rate of endotherms is higher than in ectotherms