AP Bio Ch 1 - Intro to Biology

Question 1

first unicellular organisms that consist of genetic material enclosed in a membrane (there are no organelles within these cells)

Answer 1

prokaryotes

Question 2

transforms sunlight energy into biological energy that can be used to build large molecules

Answer 2

photosynthesis

Question 3

specialized cellular parts that perform specific and specialized functions for the cell

Answer 3

organelles

Question 4

cells with internal compartments (organelles) including a nucleus

Answer 4

eukaryotes

(eu = “true” ; karyon = “kernel or core”)

Question 5

“living inside another”

Answer 5

endosymbiosis

Question 6

changes/mistakes in an organism’s genome during reproduction

Answer 6

mutations

Question 7

largest and most broad category when referring to the classification of living things

Answer 7

domain

(of which there are 3: Archaea, Bateria, Eukarya)

Question 8

sum total of all the information encoded in an organism’s genes

Answer 8

genome

Question 9

sum total of all the chemical transformations and other work done in all the cells of an organism

Answer 9

metabolism

Question 10

maintenance of a narrow range of conditions in the internal environment

(maintaining a dynamic equilibrium)

Answer 10

homeostasis

Question 11

study of the ways in which species interact with one another and the environment

Answer 11

ecology

Question 12

change in the genetic makeup of biological populations through time

Answer 12

evolution

Question 13

the differential survival and reproduction among individuals in a population due to selective pressures in nature

Answer 13

natural selection

Question 14

structural, physiological, or behavioral traits that enhance an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction in its environment

(beneficial traits)

Answer 14

adaptations

Question 15

body of scientific work in which rigorously tested and well-established facts and principles are used to make predictions about the natural world

Answer 15

theory

(scientific theory)

Question 16

a trial idea about something; a logical prediction that can be specifically tested

Answer 16

hypothesis

(NOT an educated guess)