Ap Bio 8/28 Flashcards
a stem consists of..
nodes and internodes
what is an internode
the point in between two nodea
what is a node
the point the leaves are attatched at
what is an axillary bud
structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot or branch
what is a terminal bud
structure located near the shoot tip and causes elongation of a young shoot
what do taproots do
they anchor in the soil and look for water
what is the main photosynthetic organ of most vascular plants
the leaf
what do leaves generally consist of
a flattened blade, a stalk, and the petiole
what does the petiole do
join the leaf to a node of the stem
what type of veins do monocots have
parallel
what type of veins do dicots have
branching veins
angiosperms…
produce flowers, have seeds, and are vascular
what does the xylem carry and in which direction
carries water up
what does the phloem carry and in which direction
carries sugar and down
dermal tissues protect. true or false
True
vascular tissues transport. true or false
true
when does the stomata open
at night
dermal tissue consists of…
epidermus and periderm
vascualar tissue consists of…
xylem abd phloem
ground tissue includes…
various cells for storage, photosynthesis, and support
what is a plant characterized by?
cellular differentiation and the specialization of cells in structure and function
what do some of the major types of plant cells include
parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma
parenchyma
does photosynthesis, has chloroplast, and chlorophyll
collenchyma have…
no lignin
sclerenchyma have…
lignin plus secondary wall
what are the two types of xylem cells
vessel and tracheids
tracheids have pits that…
allow water to flow through
sieve plates have openings for…
sugar to pass through
what do meristems do
generate cells for new organs
where are apical meristems located
at the tips of roots and buds in the shoots
primary growth grows in which direction
up and down
secondary growth grows in which direction
side to side
annual is
1 year
biennial lasts
2 years
perenials last
many years
what types of tissue are meristems
embryotic tissue
lateral meristems
add thickness to woody plants (lignin plus secondary wall) through secondary growth
in woodg plants…
primary and secondary growth occur simultaneously but in diff locations
what does primary growth lengthen
roots and shoots
what does primary growth produce
primary plant body, parts of the root, and shoot systems produced by apical meristems
what does the root cap protect
apical meristems
the root tip is covered by…
a root cap
what does the primary growth of roots produce?
epidermus, ground tissue, and vascular tissue
procambrium gave rise to…
vascular
protoderm gave rise to…
dermal
the procambrium is also the…
stele
shoot apical meristems are
a dome shaped mass of dividing cells at the tip of a terminal bud
shoot apical meristems give rise to?
repitition of internodes and leaf barring nodes
the vascular bundles are arranged in rings in…
gymnosperms and most eudicots
dicot stems are crowded or loose
crowded
monocot stems are crowded or loose
loose
the stomata is always going to be where on the leaf?
at the bottom
what is transpiration
water loss evaporation of a plant
where is the ground tissue in a leaf?
sandwiched between the upper and lower epidermus
the epidermal barrier of leaves is…
interupted by the stomata which allows co2 exchange between the surrounding air and photosynthetic cells within a leaf
