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Ap Bio > 8/31 > Flashcards

8/31 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what fixes atmospheric nitrogen

A

rhizobium bacteria

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2
Q

where do rhizobium bacteria live

A

root nodule

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3
Q

what are two types of conducting cells

A

tracheids and vessel elements

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4
Q

what does xylem transport

A

water

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5
Q

what does phloem transport

A

organic materials

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6
Q

what are conducting cells

A

sieve tube memebers

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7
Q

what are sieve plates used for

A

protecting from cell to cell

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8
Q

what do plasmodesmara extend through

A

sieve plates

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9
Q

what is the purpose of sieve plates

A

so there is no water loss

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10
Q

what is used for communication

A

plasmodesmata

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11
Q

where are plasmodesmata embedded into

A

the cytoplasm of each cell

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12
Q

what is a growth extender for communication

A

plasmodesmata

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13
Q

water entering roots creates what type of pressure

A

a positive pressure

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14
Q

root pressure pushes xylem sap in which direction

A

upward

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15
Q

what is guttation

A

the sweating of a plant

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16
Q

where is water forced out of

A

vein endings along the edges of leaves

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17
Q

cohesion tension model of xylem transport suggests what

A

a passive xylem transport

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18
Q

what tends to cling together

A

water molecules

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19
Q

what does polarity of water allow

A

interaction with molecules of vessel walls

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20
Q

due to what do water columns move passively

A

upward to transpiration

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21
Q

what type of charge does water have

A

a slight charge

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22
Q

what is polar

A

water

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23
Q

water interacts with what other molecules

A

other polar molecules

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24
Q

what is cohesion tension for

A

water

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25
Q

what is each stomata in leaf epidermis bordered by

A

guard cells

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26
Q

what prevents water loss

A

waxy cuticle

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27
Q

what goes against the gradient

A

water

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28
Q

what do guard cells protect

A

openings

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29
Q

guard cells are flexible. t or f

A

true

30
Q

what opens the stomata

A

increased turgor pressure in guard cells

31
Q

why does potassium enter into guard cells

A

to tell it to open up

32
Q

what transports sugar

A

the phloem

33
Q

where does sugar accumulate

A

in the swolen tissue

34
Q

what does the girdling of the tree below the level of leaves cause

A

bark to swell just above the cut

35
Q

what drives sap into sieve tubes

A

positive pressure

36
Q

what is sucrose actively transported into

A

sieve tubes

37
Q

what does water follow by

A

osmosis

38
Q

what does the increase in volume create

A

a flow that moves water and sucrose to a sink

39
Q

what continuously exchanges energy and materials with its environment

A

every organism

40
Q

for a typical plant where do water and minerals come from

A

the soil

41
Q

where does carbon dioxide come from

A

the air

42
Q

what do branching root and shoot system of vascular plants ensure

A

extensive networking with both reserves of inorganic nutrients

43
Q

what is an organic molecule

A

a molecule that has carbon as its backbone and is made by a living thing

44
Q

what are inorganic molecules

A

molecules without carbon

45
Q

what do plants require to complete their life cycle

A

certain chemical elements

46
Q

what do plants derive most of their organic mass from

A

co2 of air

47
Q

what do plants depend on

A

soil nutrients such as water and minerals

48
Q

what is considered an essential element

A

a chemical element

49
Q

what is required for a plant to complete a life cycle

A

a chemical element

50
Q

why do researchers use hydroponic culture

A

to determine which chemical elements are essential

51
Q

what amounts are macronutrients required in

A

large amounts

52
Q

what amounts are micronutrients required in

A

small amounts

53
Q

what do you need to make chlorphyll

A

magnesium

54
Q

what happens to the leaf it it is deficient in magnesium

A

the leaf wont be green

55
Q

what is it if the leaf is yellow

A

chlorosis

56
Q

if the mineral moves freely what parts show deficiency

A

older parts

57
Q

if the mineral doesnt move freely what parts show deficiency

A

younger parts

58
Q

what is the soils genetic structure

A

texture

59
Q

what does composition refer to

A

the soils organic and inorganic chemical components

60
Q

what are major factors that determine if a plant will grow well in a location

A

texture and composition of the soil

61
Q

what is soil quality a major determinant of

A

plant distribution and growth

62
Q

distinct soil layers are called what

A

horizons

63
Q

after a heavy rain fall what does water do

A

drain away from larger spaces of soil

64
Q

why do small spaces retain water

A

because of their attraction to surfaces of clay and other particles

65
Q

what is the loss of topsoil

A

erosion

66
Q

what causes erosion

A

rain, wind, and topsoil

67
Q

what do acjds derived from roots contribute to

A

a plants uptake of minerals

68
Q

what is irrigation

A

watering

69
Q

water that sticks to soil is not availible to what

A

plants

70
Q

why type of charge does soil have

A

negative

71
Q

what happens when you release hydrogen in soil

A

it gets more acid

Ap Bio (3 decks)

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