8/31 Flashcards
what fixes atmospheric nitrogen
rhizobium bacteria
where do rhizobium bacteria live
root nodule
what are two types of conducting cells
tracheids and vessel elements
what does xylem transport
water
what does phloem transport
organic materials
what are conducting cells
sieve tube memebers
what are sieve plates used for
protecting from cell to cell
what do plasmodesmara extend through
sieve plates
what is the purpose of sieve plates
so there is no water loss
what is used for communication
plasmodesmata
where are plasmodesmata embedded into
the cytoplasm of each cell
what is a growth extender for communication
plasmodesmata
water entering roots creates what type of pressure
a positive pressure
root pressure pushes xylem sap in which direction
upward
what is guttation
the sweating of a plant
where is water forced out of
vein endings along the edges of leaves
cohesion tension model of xylem transport suggests what
a passive xylem transport
what tends to cling together
water molecules
what does polarity of water allow
interaction with molecules of vessel walls
due to what do water columns move passively
upward to transpiration
what type of charge does water have
a slight charge
what is polar
water
water interacts with what other molecules
other polar molecules
what is cohesion tension for
water
what is each stomata in leaf epidermis bordered by
guard cells
what prevents water loss
waxy cuticle
what goes against the gradient
water
what do guard cells protect
openings
guard cells are flexible. t or f
true
what opens the stomata
increased turgor pressure in guard cells
why does potassium enter into guard cells
to tell it to open up
what transports sugar
the phloem
where does sugar accumulate
in the swolen tissue
what does the girdling of the tree below the level of leaves cause
bark to swell just above the cut
what drives sap into sieve tubes
positive pressure
what is sucrose actively transported into
sieve tubes
what does water follow by
osmosis
what does the increase in volume create
a flow that moves water and sucrose to a sink
what continuously exchanges energy and materials with its environment
every organism
for a typical plant where do water and minerals come from
the soil
where does carbon dioxide come from
the air
what do branching root and shoot system of vascular plants ensure
extensive networking with both reserves of inorganic nutrients
what is an organic molecule
a molecule that has carbon as its backbone and is made by a living thing
what are inorganic molecules
molecules without carbon
what do plants require to complete their life cycle
certain chemical elements
what do plants derive most of their organic mass from
co2 of air
what do plants depend on
soil nutrients such as water and minerals
what is considered an essential element
a chemical element
what is required for a plant to complete a life cycle
a chemical element
why do researchers use hydroponic culture
to determine which chemical elements are essential
what amounts are macronutrients required in
large amounts
what amounts are micronutrients required in
small amounts
what do you need to make chlorphyll
magnesium
what happens to the leaf it it is deficient in magnesium
the leaf wont be green
what is it if the leaf is yellow
chlorosis
if the mineral moves freely what parts show deficiency
older parts
if the mineral doesnt move freely what parts show deficiency
younger parts
what is the soils genetic structure
texture
what does composition refer to
the soils organic and inorganic chemical components
what are major factors that determine if a plant will grow well in a location
texture and composition of the soil
what is soil quality a major determinant of
plant distribution and growth
distinct soil layers are called what
horizons
after a heavy rain fall what does water do
drain away from larger spaces of soil
why do small spaces retain water
because of their attraction to surfaces of clay and other particles
what is the loss of topsoil
erosion
what causes erosion
rain, wind, and topsoil
what do acjds derived from roots contribute to
a plants uptake of minerals
what is irrigation
watering
water that sticks to soil is not availible to what
plants
why type of charge does soil have
negative
what happens when you release hydrogen in soil
it gets more acid
