AP Action Potinatial

Question 1

DF of pumps and function

Answer 1

Pump's  conduct ions actively with  energy consumption of
  adenosine triphosphate(ATP) 
pumps pass ions actively  from a solution where is few of them into solution where a lot of them

Question 2

how dose resting potential arise ?

Answer 2

all cells both irritable and excitable have a membrane difference of optional
( electrical charges) this property is common between irritable and excitable tissue called RP

Question 3

how action potinal arise ?

Answer 3

AP occur when the membrane potinale is of specific cells location rapidly rises and falls , this is depolarization then courses adjacent location to similar depolarization and occur in serval types of animal cells called excitable cells which incloud , neurons cells , macular cells , endocrine cells

Question 4

explain the AP (all of it)

Answer 4

1- all the cell irritable and excitable have membrane potential similar to RP
in irritable tissue under normal condition membrane potential doesn’t change in any cases , but excitable tissues under some condition they change their potential .

2- changes in RP leading to AP generation , one of the main condition of AP generation is action of irritant in holistic organism irritant is work from outside the cell , irritation from an external is the triggering moment of generation of AP

3- under the action of exterior irritant the condition of channels and pump’s changes depolarizations start by opened of sodium +channel sodium ( and potassium pumps and sodium pumps is closed )start to enter the cell bringing positive charges with it , then RP membrane changes to opposite this is the first phase , and depolarization is passive process bcs pumps are closed
when depolarization takes a place cells perfumes its specific function
muscles contracts , glandular cells secrets their secretory products , neurons generates and conduct impulses .

4- then what happened for example in depolarization the muscles contract its should be return to rest and that’s what its called Repolarization .
in repolarization phase the pump’s K+ and Na+ are open , and its pump’s the sodium out fast which entered the cell in the depolarization , and they intensively pump’s the potassium in for potassium in the cell is not to much all K+ channels are open through them a lot of potassium goes back to outer surface
and the 3rd phase take place which is hyperpolarization

5- if excess positive charge outside the cell formed that’s mean negative charge in side the cell formed , this exsseceviness called hyperpolarization
then the cell returned to RP

Question 5

why membrane potinale called that way ?

what (De) , ( hyper ) , ( Re ) mean ?

Answer 5

its name that's derived from Latin polarization its mean ( electric charge ) 
the prefix  ( De )  its mean absents , cancelation , elimination  
the prefix  ( Re) its mean renewal repolarization mean , its renewal the charge to rest 
 the prefix  ( hyper )  its mean excess of  hyperpolarization mean  , excess of charge

Question 6

what is RP ?

Answer 6

its membrane charge at rest

Question 7

what is AP ?

Answer 7

its membrane potential in response to irritation

Question 8

what is the the parts ( or phases ) of AP

Answer 8

1 - Depolarization
2- repolarization
3 - hyperpolarization

Question 9

what is the depolarization in short way ?

Answer 9

its positive charge entering the cell

Question 10

what is the repolarization in short way ?

Answer 10

its retraining of the membrane potential to resting potential

Question 11

what is the hyperpolarization in short way ?

Answer 11

acclamation of excess positive charge on the outer surface of a membrane potinale due the K+