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aos2 topic test Flashcards

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Religion Crash Course flashcards
1
Q

Ethical perspective

A

An ethical perspective is a viewpoint or lens through which one evaluates and interprets moral issues and dilemmas. It involves the principles, values, and reasoning methods that guide a person’s judgments about what is right, wrong, good, or bad.

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2
Q

Pluralist society

A

A pluralist society is a social system in which multiple distinct cultural, religious, or ethnic groups coexist and maintain their unique identities while participating equally in the broader society.
E.g. Australia may be considered a pluralist society as we are culturally diverse, have religious freedoms and celebrate many different cultural events.

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3
Q

The Golden Rule

A

The Golden Rule is a moral principle that suggests treating others as you would like to be treated.

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4
Q

List the 9 aspects of religion

A

Beliefs, Sacred Texts, Rituals, Ethics, Symbols, Social Structure, Spiritual Experiences, Sacred Stories, Spaces, Places, Times and Artefacts

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5
Q

Beliefs of Catholics and Muslims

A

Catholicism: The belief in the Holy Trinity
Islam: The belief in Allah as the only God, and that Muhammad is His final prophet

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6
Q

Sacred Texts of Catholics and Muslims

A

Catholicism: The Bible
Islam: The Quran

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7
Q

How have the ethical perspectives of Christianity influenced Australian society

A

Courts and Law:
–> Oaths and affirmations (swearing on the Bible)
–> Same sex marriage only legalised recently
Social Welfare and Charity:
–> Christian churches and organizations provide services like healthcare, education, and support for the poor, elderly, and vulnerable
–> E.g. St. Vincent de Paul Society, The Salvation Army, Caritas
Education:
–> Many schools, both primary and secondary, as well as universities, were founded by Christian organizations.
–> E.g. Australian Catholic University (ACU)
Human Rights and Social Justice:
–> Christian organizations have advocated for the rights of Indigenous Australians, refugees, and other marginalized groups
Public Holidays and Rituals:
–> The observance of public holidays like Christmas and Easter

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8
Q

Rituals of Catholics and Muslims

A

Catholicism: The celebration of the Eucharist
Islam: Salah (prayer) is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. Muslims perform five daily prayers facing the Kaaba in Mecca

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9
Q

Ethics of Catholics and Muslims

A

Catholicism: The Ten Commandments
Islam: Sharia law

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10
Q

Symbols of Catholics and Muslims

A

Catholicism: The crucifix,
Islam: The crescent moon and star

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11
Q

Social Structures of Catholics and Muslims

A

Catholicism: The Catholic Church is organized in a hierarchical structure, with the Pope at the top, followed by cardinals, bishops, priests, and deacons.
Islam: Religious leadership is often provided by scholars and Imams who lead prayers and provide guidance to the community.

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12
Q

Sacred Stories of Catholics and Muslims

A

Catholicism: The parables of Jesus (e.g. the Parable of the Good Samaritan)
Islam: Stories from the life of Prophet Muhammad

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13
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A
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14
Q

Spaces, Places, Times, and Artefacts of Catholics and Muslims

A

Catholicism:
* Spaces: Churches
* Places: Jerusalem
* Times: Easter and Christmas
* Artefacts: The chalice used during the Eucharist
Islam:
* Spaces: Mosques
* Places: Mecca
* Times: Ramadan
* Artefacts: The Quran

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15
Q

Examples of ethical authorities in Catholicism

A
  • The Pope
  • The Magisterium
  • The Bible
  • Priests
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16
Q

Sacred Tradition

A

Sacred Tradition in Catholicism refers to the transmission of the teachings, practices, and beliefs of the Church that have been passed down through the ages, starting from the apostles and continuing through the life of the Church.

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17
Q

Why is Sacred Scripture considered an ethical authority in Catholicism?

A

Sacred Scripture, or the Bible, is considered an ethical authority in Catholicism because it is believed to be the inspired word of God, providing divine guidance on how to live a moral and righteous life.

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18
Q
A

The Quran
–> the holy book of Islam, believed to be the literal word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad; contains commandments, moral teachings, and principles
The Sunnah
–> refers to the practices, sayings, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad, which provides practical examples of how to apply its teachings in daily life
Sharia (Islamic Law)
–> the legal framework derived from the Quran, Sunnah, and other Islamic sources which governs many aspects of a Muslim’s life
The Imam
–> a religious leader and teacher within the Muslim community who provides ethical and religious guidance to the community

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18
Q

Catechism of the Catholic Church

A

The Catechism of the Catholic Church is a comprehensive and authoritative summary of the teachings of the Catholic Church. It serves as a reference text for understanding Catholic doctrine, covering beliefs, sacraments, commandments, and prayers.

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19
Q

Natural Law Theory

A

Natural law is the idea that there are universal moral principles inherent in human nature and the world, which can be discovered through reason. These principles guide what is right and wrong and serve as a basis for human-made laws. If a law aligns with natural law, it is just; if it doesn’t, it is considered unjust.

20
Q

What are the 7 basic goods according to Natural Law

A
  • Life –> the preservation of life, procreation, nurturing new life
  • Knowledge –> the pursuit of knowledge
  • Play –> engagement in activities that provide joy, recreation and relaxation
  • Aesthetic Experience –> appreciating beauty and art
  • Sociability –> building and maintaining relationships
  • Practical Reasonableness –> the ability to use reason to make decisions, plan one’s life, etc.
  • Spirituality –> seeking meaning, purpose and connection with the divine
21
Q

Divine Command Theory

A

Divine Command Theory is an ethical framework that states that what is morally right or wrong is determined by God’s commands.

22
Q

Divine Command Theory applied to Muslims

A

Divine Command Theory is an ethical framework for Muslims. They believe that the teachings and commands of the Quran is the exact words of Allah as told through the prophet Muhammad.

23
Q

Human dignity

A

Human dignity refers to the inherent worth and value that every person possesses simply by virtue of being human. This concept is based on the belief that all people are entitled to be treated with respect and should have their rights and freedoms recognized and protected

24
Q

List the corporal works of mercy

A
  • Feed the Hungry
  • Give Drink to the Thirsty
  • Clothe the Naked
  • Shelter the Homeless
  • Visit the Sick
  • Visit the Imprisoned
  • Bury the Dead
25
Q

List the Spiritual works of mercy

A
  • Instruct the Ignorant:
  • Counsel the Doubtful
  • Admonish Sinners
  • Bear Wrongs Patiently
  • Forgive Offenses Willingly
  • Comfort the Sorrowful
  • Pray for the Living and the Dead
26
Q

Adherant

A

A follower or a believer in religion or a leader or a cause

27
Q

Principles

A

the beliefs or accepted standards of an individual or group; the basis for determining human action

28
Q

Values

A

Judgement of what is important in life

29
Q

Norms

A

Behaviour that is sanctioned or approved by particular groups

30
Q

Apostolic succession

A

The uninterrupted transmission of spiritual authority from the Apostles through successive popes and bishops

31
Q

Church council

A

Church councils are formal meetings of bishops and representatives of several churches who are brought together to regulate points of doctrine

32
Q

Magisterium

A

The teaching authority of the Catholic Church which convey doctrine of the Church as true and right.

33
Q

Qu’ran

A

Holy book of Islam that is believed to be the literal word of Allah (God) received by his prophet Mohammed

34
Q

Sharia

A

Sharia refers to wide-ranging moral and broad ethical principles drawn from the Qur’an and the practices and sayings (hadith) of Prophet Muhammad. Sharia provides guidance on how to live an ethical life. (Islamic Law)

35
Q

Hadith

A

A record of the words and deeds of the prophet Muhammad, his family, and his companions. It is the second most important text in Islam next to the Quran. Although not regarded as the spoken Word of God like the Quran, the Hadith is an important source of doctrine, law, and practice.

36
Q

Sunnah

A

Oral tradition records of the words and deeds of the Prophet. While not the Word of God on a level with the Qur’an, the Sunnah is regarded as inspired and authoritative.

37
Q

Infallible

A

“Infallible” refers to the quality of being incapable of making mistakes or errors. In a religious context, it means that certain teachings or statements are considered to be absolutely true and free from error, often because they are believed to be guided by divine authority.

38
Q

What are the principles of Catholic Social Teaching?

A

o Life and Dignity of the Human Person
o Call to Family, Community, and Participation
o Rights and Responsibilities
o Option for the Poor and Vulnerable
o Dignity of Work and the Rights of Workers
o Care for God’s Creation

39
Q

Which principles apply to the issue of capital punishment?

A

Care for God’s Creation

40
Q

The ethical basis of a culture of life is based on what 3 things?

A

o The Inherent Dignity of Every Human Person
o The Principle of Solidarity
o The Common Good

41
Q

What is the definition of capital punishment?

A

Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the legal execution of a person by the state as punishment for a serious crime, such as murder or treason.

42
Q

What does the Catholic Church teach about capital punishment?

A

The Catholic Church teaches that capital punishment is inadmissible in all cases as it violates human dignity. This position has evolved over time:
Historically, the Church accepted the death penalty if it was the only way to protect society.
Over time, especially under Pope John Paul II, the Church emphasized that cases requiring it are “rare, if not practically nonexistent.”
Currently, under Pope Francis, the Church fully opposes the death penalty, advocating for alternatives that respect life and allow for rehabilitation.

43
Q

Who is Sr Helen Prejean? Find a quote expressing her views on capital punishment.

A

Sister Helen Prejean is a Catholic nun and a prominent advocate against the death penalty.
“The death penalty is about us not as a society being able to rise above the worst thing we’ve ever done. It’s about vengeance, not justice.”

44
Q

Find a quote from Scripture that supports the Catholic Church’s teaching on capital punishment.

A

“He who is without sin among you, let him throw a stone at her first.” John 8:7-11

45
Q

Find quote from Pope Francis on the Church’s teaching on capital punishment.

A

“The death penalty is inadmissible because it is an attack on the inviolability and dignity of the person.”
— Pope Francis, 2018 revision of the Catechism of the Catholic Church

46
Q
A
47
Q

What does the Islam teach about capital punishment?

A

Permissibility in Specific Cases, Strict Conditions, Encouragement of Mercy and Forgiveness

48
Q

Which ethical decision-making methods do you think can used to justify capital punishment? Which ethical decision-making methods do you think can be used to argue against capital punishment?

A

o In support  Utilitarianism
o Argue against  Deontology, Virtue Ethics

religion (2 decks)

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