AOS2 - Organic Reactions: Reaction pathways Flashcards
Addition reaction
• A reaction in which a molecule binds to an unsaturated HCs, forming a single C-C bond.
• In this process two reactant molecules become one
Biodegradable
Able to be broken down by biological processes
By-product
A substance that is produced at the same time as an intended product in the course of a chemical reaction.
Addition polymerisation
Reaction of a large number of unsaturated monomers to form a polymer that has the same empirical formula as the monomers.
Carboxy group
The functional group COOH
Combustion
Rapid reaction with oxygen accompanied by the release of large amounts of heat;burning.
Condensation reaction
A reaction in which two molecules link together, eliminating a small molecule such as water.
Copolymer
A polymer formed from more than one monomer
Ester
An organic compound containing the ester functional group
-COO-
Esterification reaction
The chemical reaction between an alcohol (alkanol) and a carboxylic acid (alkanoic acid) to form an ester as the main product.
Fractional distillation
Technique used to separate liquids that have different boiling points.
Hydrolysis
A reaction in which water is a reactant
Hydroxy group
The OH functional group
Monomers
Small molecules that are able to to react to form polymers.
Polyester
A condensation polymer formed from the reaction of certain carboxylic acids and alcohols.
Polymer
A long-chain molecule that is formed by monomers.
Reaction pathway
A series of chemical reactions that convert a starting material into a product in a number of steps.
Substitution reaction
A reaction that involves the replacement of an atom/group of atoms by another atom/group of atoms.
e.g. Methane (CH4) → Chloromethane (CH3Cl)
Synthesis
The process of forming a new chemical substance fro simpler ones.
Yield
• The proportion of product in a reaction mixture
actual mass of product obtained
% yield = ____________________________________ X 100%
theoretical mass of product
