AOS2 - Organic Reactions: Reaction pathways

Question 1

Addition reaction

Answer 1

‌• A reaction in which a molecule binds to an unsaturated HCs, forming a single C-C bond.

‌• In this process two reactant molecules become one

Question 2

Biodegradable

Answer 2

Able to be broken down by biological processes

Question 3

By-product

Answer 3

A substance that is produced at the same time as an intended product in the course of a chemical reaction.

Question 4

Addition polymerisation

Answer 4

Reaction of a large number of unsaturated monomers to form a polymer that has the same empirical formula as the monomers.

Question 5

Carboxy group

Answer 5

The functional group COOH

Question 6

Combustion

Answer 6

Rapid reaction with oxygen accompanied by the release of large amounts of heat;burning.

Question 7

Condensation reaction

Answer 7

A reaction in which two molecules link together, eliminating a small molecule such as water.

Question 8

Copolymer

Answer 8

A polymer formed from more than one monomer

Question 9

Ester

Answer 9

An organic compound containing the ester functional group

-COO-

Question 10

Esterification reaction

Answer 10

The chemical reaction between an alcohol (alkanol) and a carboxylic acid (alkanoic acid) to form an ester as the main product.

Question 11

Fractional distillation

Answer 11

Technique used to separate liquids that have different boiling points.

Question 12

Hydrolysis

Answer 12

A reaction in which water is a reactant

Question 13

Hydroxy group

Answer 13

The OH functional group

Question 14

Monomers

Answer 14

Small molecules that are able to to react to form polymers.

Question 15

Polyester

Answer 15

A condensation polymer formed from the reaction of certain carboxylic acids and alcohols.

Question 16

Polymer

Answer 16

A long-chain molecule that is formed by monomers.

Question 17

Reaction pathway

Answer 17

A series of chemical reactions that convert a starting material into a product in a number of steps.

Question 18

Substitution reaction

Answer 18

A reaction that involves the replacement of an atom/group of atoms by another atom/group of atoms.
e.g. Methane (CH4) → Chloromethane (CH3Cl)

Question 19

Synthesis

Answer 19

The process of forming a new chemical substance fro simpler ones.

Question 20

Yield

Answer 20

‌• The proportion of product in a reaction mixture

actual mass of product obtained
% yield = ____________________________________ X 100%
theoretical mass of product