AOS2 Chapter 6 (The Three Energy Systems Working Together To Produce ATP)

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

• Sugars and starches found in foods such as fruits, vegetables and cereals
• Body’s preferred fuel source during exercise
• Conserved as glucose
• Stored as glycogen at the muscle or liver

Question 2

Fats

Answer 2

• Found in butter, cheese and oil
• Body’s main fuel source at rest or prolonged sub maximal exercise
• Conserved as free fatty acids (FFAs)
• Stored as adipose tissue at various body sites

Question 3

Protein

Answer 3

• Found in meat, poultry and eggs
• Used for mainly for muscle repair and growth
• Only a ‘last resort’ fuel source
• Conserved as amino acids
• Stored as muscle at various body sites

Question 4

Food fuel sources at rest

Answer 4

• Aerobic energy system

- Glucose and free fatty acids

Question 5

Food fuels during maximal activity

Answer 5

• 1-5secs
  • ATP-PC
  • Stored ATP

-30secs
• Anaerobic glycolysis system
• Carbohydrates

• 75secs
  • 50% ATP-PC and anaerobic glycolysis and 50% aerobic energy
  • Carbohydrates

Question 6

Food fuel sources during sub maximal activity

Answer 6

• 30secs
  • Aerobic energy system
  • Glucose and Free Fatty Acids
• 30mins
  • Aerobic energy system
  • Carbohydrates
• 3+ hours
  • Aerobic energy system
  • Free fatty acids

Question 7

Fuel sources

Answer 7

• ATP-PC
  • Phosphocreatine
• Anaerobic glycolysis
  • Glycogen
• Aerobic energy
  • At rest: free fatty acids
  • Sub maximal or maximal: carbohydrates, fats (when glycogen stores are diminish) and protein (extreme cases)

Question 8

Intensity of activity

Answer 8

• ATP-PC
  • High intensity (>95% max heart rate)
• Anaerobic glycolysis
  • High intensity (>85% max heart rate)
• Aerobic energy
  • Resting, sub maximal intensity (<80% max heart rate)

Question 9

Duration system is dominant during activity

Answer 9

• ATP-PC
  • Slow duration
  •1-5secs
• Anaerobic glycolysis
  • Intermediate duration
  • 5-60secs

-Aerobic energy
• Long duration
• >75secs

Question 10

Peak power

Answer 10

• ATP-PC
  • 2-4secs
• Anaerobic glycolysis
  • 5-15secs

-Aerobic energy
• 1-1.5mins

Question 11

Amount of ATP (energy)

Answer 11

• ATP-PC
  • 0.7-1.0 ATP for every PC molecule
• Anaerobic glycolysis
  • 2-3 ATP for each glucose molecule
• Aerobic energy
  • Carbohydrates (38 ATP per glucose molecule)
  • Fats (441 ATP per triglycerides molecule)

Question 12

Rate of production of ATP

Answer 12

• ATP-PC
  • Explosive, instantaneous
• Anaerobic glycolysis
  • Fast
• Aerobic energy
  • Medium

Question 13

By-products

Answer 13

• ATP-PC
  • Inorganic phosphate
  • ADP and AMP
• Anaerobic glycolysis
  • Lactic acid
  • Hydrogen ions
  • ADP
• Aerobic energy
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water (sweat)
  • Heat

Question 14

Total duration during activity

Answer 14

• ATP-PC
  • 0-10secs
• Anaerobic glycolysis
  • 10-75secs
• Aerobic energy
  • >75secs

Question 15

Steady state

Answer 15

• When the body is able to supply sufficient oxygen to meet the oxygen demands

Question 16

Oxygen deficit

Answer 16

• Temporary shortage of oxygen in cells

- The start of exercise where oxygen demand is higher than the body’s ability to supply to the necessary levels

Question 17

EPOC (oxygen debt)

Answer 17

• Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
• When you owe your body oxygen when demand for ATP decreases
• Often in cool-down

Question 18

Fast replenishment (EPOC)

Answer 18

• 3-5mins recovery
• ATP re-synthesis
• Phosphocreatine re-synthesis

Question 19

Slow replenishment (EPOC)

Answer 19

• 30+ mins recovery
• Return to core temperature to pre-exercise levels
• Convert lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water (sweat)
• Oxidation of hydrogen ions