AOS2 Chapter 5 (Biomechanical Principles Of Equilibrium Flashcards
1
Q
What is an equilibrium?
A
- No unbalanced forces acting upon it
- Motionless (static) or moving with a constant velocity (dynamic)
2
Q
What is stability?
A
- Resistance to the disruption of the equilibrium
3
Q
What is balance?
A
- Ability to control the equilibrium
4
Q
Factors affecting stability and balance
A
- Base of support
- Centre of gravity
- Body Mass
- Friction
5
Q
Base of support
A
- Larger and wider stance influences greater stability
6
Q
Centre of gravity
A
- Point which weight is balanced. Lowering the centre of gravity, the more stabilised someone is (bending knees)
7
Q
Body mass
A
- Greater the mass of someone, more stable that person or object is
8
Q
Friction
A
- More friction between two surfaces creates more stability
9
Q
What is a lever and name their three parts?
A
- A simple machine consisting of a rigid bar that can be made to rotate around an axis
- Axis (fulcrum or pivot point)
- Resistance (weight or load to be moved)
- Force (effort)
10
Q
First-class levers
A
- Muscles work in pairs on opposite sides of the axis (resistances and force, same direction)
11
Q
Second-Class Levers
A
- The resistance is closer to the axis than the force (applied in seperate directions)
- Mechanical advantage greater than 1, designed to move greater loads
12
Q
Third-class levers
A
- The force is closer to the axis than the resistance (applied in seperate directions)
- Mechanical advantage, less than 1, designs for speed and more movement
13
Q
Lever length
A
- Longer lever, greater speed
- Come with a greater inertia which allows more force to be applied to overcome the inertia
14
Q
Resistance arm vs Force arm
A
- Force arm is the distance from the axis to the force
- Resistance arm is the distance from the axis to the resistance
