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French Revolution > AOS2 > Flashcards

AOS2 Flashcards

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1
Q

August Decrees

A

4-11 August 1789

18 decrees or articles concerning abolition of feudalism, other privileges of the nobility and seigneurial rights

dampened unrest of the great fear but violence continued for a year

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2
Q

The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen (DORMAC)

A

20-26 August 1789

not a constitution but the basis for one

outlined the inalienable rights of man

Key concepts: equality - political, elimination of fiscal privilege, merit and utility - social rank based on skill and achievement

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3
Q

Initial reforms

A

A new rational system of law
- uniform legal system

universal proportional tax

abolition of indirect taxes

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4
Q

Women’s March to Versailles

A

6 October 1789

Louis rejected August Decrees and questions DORMAC

7000 women invaded Constituent Assembly then the palace at Versailles demanding lower bread prices and officers who trampled the cockade to be punished

marched royal family back to Paris

King and revolutionary government based out of Paris and controlled by the Parisian crowd

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5
Q

Abolition of religious orders

A

13 February 1790

excluding teaching and medical services

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6
Q

rationalisation of France into 83 administrative departments

A

26 February 1790

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7
Q

Creation of the municipal ‘sections’ of Paris

A

21 May 1790

Council meetings for suburbs (later became meeting places for sans culottes)

Central section for Paris was the commune, becoming the Insurrectionary Commune 9th August 1792 a day before Louis was overthrown

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8
Q

Abolition of nobility and all other honorific distinctions

A

19 June 1790

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9
Q

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A

12 July 1790

king proclaimed it on the 24 August 1790

Pope was stripped of power to appoint Bishops and Arch-Bishops, they were elected by the people including non Catholics

changed the idea that these were elected through god through the pope

Pope rejected the constitution going as far as saying the revolution rejected God

created first division within the rev

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10
Q

Festival of Federation

A

14 July 1790

national celebration of the revolution and national unity

anniversary of the Bastille

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11
Q

Clerical Oath

A

27 November

Assembly demands priests to swear an oath of loyalty to the civil constitution of the clergy.

created refractory and non juring priests who refused to take the oath

54% took the oath 36% did not

king met with a non juring priest

led to riots in western France

90% refusal rate in Vendee region

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12
Q

Pope condemns the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, Bull Charitas

A

13 April 1791

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13
Q

18 April 1791

A

crowds prevent royal family from leaving Paris for vacation in Saint-Cloud

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14
Q

Royal families’ flight to Varennes

A

20-21 June 1791

attempt to flee to Austria

constituent assembly claim they were kidnapped

a man recognised Louis from a coin and they were brough back

“the flight to Varennes opened up the second greatest schism of the revolution” - William Doyle

increased want for a republic further dividing the revolution

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15
Q

suspension of the king

A

24 June 1791

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16
Q

Champ de Mars

A

17 July 1791

Petition for the kings abdication

crowd of 50 000 turned on two suspicious figures in the crowd

Lafayette arrived, stones were thrown, the National Guard open fired on the crowd

50 people killed many more injured

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17
Q

Coalition against revolutionary France

A

25 July 1791

European Nations

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18
Q

Haitian rebellion

A

14 August 1791

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19
Q

Declaration of Pillnitz

A

27 August 1791

Prussia urging European powers to unite and restore the monarchy in France

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20
Q

Constitution of 1791

A

3 September 1791

based on values of DORMAC

constitutional monarchy

king has suspensive vetos which suspend laws for 6 years (he uses this from 1790 till he is deposed in 1792)

created the active passive citizen division

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21
Q

first parliament

A

13-14 September 1791

King approves the constitution and swears loyalty to the revolution the constituent assembly is dissolved.

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22
Q

Legislative Assembly

A

1 October 1791

Second government

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23
Q

Brissot first suggests revolutionary war

A

20 October 1791

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24
Q

order for emigrated nobles to return or lose their property

A

November 1791

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25
Q

Decree for Committees of Surveillance

A

25 November 1791

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26
Q

renewal of refractory priests to take oath of loyalty

A

29 November 1791

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27
Q

France makes an ultimatum to Austria

A

25 January 1792

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28
Q

France declares war on Austria

A

20 April 1792

bad start to the war looking like defeat was imminent

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29
Q

first use of the guillotine

A

25 April 1792

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30
Q

National Guard ordered to Paris to safeguard the rev

A

8 June 1792

20 000 troops allowing more troops to go to the front

fear of King staging a military takeover

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31
Q

20 June 1792

A

The first revolutionary upheaval 8000 working people radicalised members of the National Guard marched on the Legislative Assembly singing the bloodthirsty Ca Ira and parading a cows heart - ‘the heart of an aristocrat’

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32
Q

The Brunswick Manifesto

A

25 July 1792

Duke of Brunswick swore that if any harm came to the royal family Austrian troops would execute the entire city Paris

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33
Q

3 August 1792

A

radical Paris ‘sections’ demand the king be dethroned

34
Q

10 August 1792

A

20 000 people on the streets

crowds storm the Tuileries Palace and the legislative assembly

demanded a new parliament elected by universal male suffrage and the surrender of the king to the people

power shifted from the middle class legislative assembly to the popular revolutionary movement

king is suspended and laws previously vetoed were implemented

35
Q

Extraordinary Tribunal

A

17 August 1792

a special committee of vigilance

Simon Schama believes this is the start of a revolutionary police state in France

powers to arrest counter revolutionaries

arresting approximately 1000 people

Danton the new minister of justice ordered home visits to locate these people

it left 300 deputies and the Brisotins (Girondins) in power

while the Girondins were gaining power in the Legislative Assembly the Jacobins were gaining power in the Insurrectionary commune

36
Q

2 September 1792

A

the Prussians capture the last fortress before Paris

Danton is appointed a minister and organises an enormous war effort

37
Q

September Massacres

A

2-6 September 1792

threat of invasion created panic and aggression

fear from conspiracies of anti-revolutionaries held in prison and Marat’s encouragement vigilant groups formed juries, questioned prisoners and condemned 1200 to death usually beating victims to death metal bars, 19 priests were hacked to death

no revolutionary authority tried to stop these massacres

38
Q

Battle of Valmy turning point in the war

A

20 September 1792

Prussian army devastated by disease

39
Q

Third Parliament

A

21 September 1792

National Convention

divided into three groups of 250
the mountain - radical jacobins, Marat, Danton, Robespierre
the plain - moderates Sieyes, Grégoire
the
Girondins or ‘moderate revolutionaries - Brissot, Roland

40
Q

22 September 1792

A

The Republic is proclaimed!!

41
Q

trial of the king

A

3-26 December 1792

7 January citizen Louis Capet was declared guilty of conspiracy against public liberty

42
Q

condemnation of the Kind

A

7-18 January 1793

387 in favour 334 against decree for his execution

43
Q

Execution of the King

A

21 January 1793

Mary Antoinette was also guillotined nine months later

44
Q

France declares war on great britain and the dutch republic

A

1 February 1793

fighting the First Coalition - England, Russia, Austro-Hungary and Spain

45
Q

Conscription

A

24 February 1793

300 000 men

46
Q

Revolutionary Tribunal

A

10 March 1793

to try traitors

47
Q

Rebellion in the Vendee region

A

11 March

triggered by the military Levy

peasant grievance’s as a result of the revolution such as reforms to the church, resale of church property was too expensive for peasants

army of 10 000 men women and children conducting guerrilla warfare, nobles joined attempted to capture a port city in the region to allow British ships to land

48
Q

creation of revolutionary committees

A

21 March 1793

49
Q

Dumouriez defects to the Austrians

A

5 April 1793

50
Q

Creation of Committee of Public Safety

A

created in March

6 April 1793 - gained executive powers

Robespierre was elected in July 1793

to defend the revolution from threats from within and from the outside and maintain supplies to army and population

51
Q

Girondins attempt to try Marat

A

13-24 April 1793

at the time he was president of the Jacobins

acquitted ‘father of the people’

52
Q

Federalist Revolt

A

29 April 1793 rebellion in Marseille

affected 60 of France’s 83 departments

main centres were Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille and Toulon

wanted to protect the national convention and crush the popular movement

53
Q

Law of Maximum

A

4 May 1793

pressure from the Sans Culottes

Maximum price on wheat, and flower to bring down the price of bread

54
Q

Appointment of the Commission of Twelve

A

set up to investigate the commune

arrested Herbert and the leader of the enrages

55
Q

Anti-Girondin riots

A

31 may - 2 June 1793

27 May mob burst into the convention demanding the release of Herbert, Varlet and abolition of the Commission of 12

56
Q

Purge of Girondins from the Convention

A

militia of 20 000 workers and the National Guard invades convention demanded Girondin deputies to be expelled and the commission of 12 to be dissolved

the arrest of 29 Girondin deputies was ordered

from then on deputies within the national convention weren’t safe

57
Q

Jacobin Constitution

A

24 June 1793

accepted by the convention

58
Q

death of Marat

A

13 July 1793

second political assassination

59
Q

economic terror

A

26 July

death penalty introduced to hoarding

60
Q

Robespierre becomes member of committee of Public Safety

A

27 July 1793

61
Q

government by terror

A

5 September 1793

62
Q

Turning point in the war effort

A

september 1793

63
Q

Law of Suspects

A

17 September 1793

arrests can be made on almost any pretext

64
Q

Law of General Maximum

A

29 September 1793

price maximum made general on all goods

65
Q

trial of Girondins

A

24 - 31 October 1793

culmination in their execution

66
Q

Formal decree of revolutionary government

A

4 December 1793

67
Q

slavery abolished

A

4 February 1794

successful Haitian revolution

68
Q

arrest and execution of left - wing Herbertists

A

13-24 March

publicly called for an insurrection against the government, contravened a law against insurrection

swiftly tried and executed

69
Q

April 1794

A

2000 men, women and children killed in Lyon

70
Q

Execution of Danton and Desmoulins

A

5 April 1794

criticised continuation of the terror

executing them was a step towards the dictatorship of the Jacobins

71
Q

Festival of the Supreme Being

A

8 June 1794

72
Q

Law of 22 Prairial

A

10 June 1794

exceeded the law of suspects in giving the committees power to arrest and execute people

eliminated the deputies immunity

McPhee - before the law of Prairial 1251 were executed over four months but after 1376 were executed in six weeks

cause for execution and arrest became increasingly petty such as simply being a part of the old tax- farming system.

73
Q

introduction of wage controls

A

5 July 1794

74
Q

fall of Robespierre and associates

A

27-28 July (thermidor)

Robespierre claimed there were still traitors amongst the National Convention demanding one last purge. He refused to name them but stated they were in the National Convention, the Committee of Public Safety and the Committee of General Security, effectively threatening everybody

period after the fall of the Jacobins is the Thermidorian reaction

shot in the face with his jaw hanging loose and was executed

75
Q

Trial of the Jacobins

A

March 1795

76
Q

the rebellion of Germinal

A

1-2 April 1795

final attempts for economic reform

Demanded the return of the Constitution of 1793, cheaper bread and outlaw of the gangs of gilded youth

It had no leaders or support and was evicted by gangs of right-wing activists summoned by the National Convention

77
Q

Rebellion of Prairial

A

20 - 23 April 1795

Crowd attack on National Convention

Deputy Jean Feraud was shot dead and his head was cut off and held up to Boissy d’Anglas who had taken the president’s chair

Lacking leaders the crowd was soon dispersed by troops

78
Q

repression of Sans Culottes

A

4000 militants deported to a military prison on a remote island ‘dry guillotine’

79
Q

National Convention closes

A

26 October 1795

80
Q

Executive Directory is established

A

2 November 1795

81
Q

new political team of 1795

A

moderate Girondins and Plains along with conservative royalists

82
Q

Lyons

A

the revolution was by no means ended on 9 thermidor… the aspirations of the middle classes who made the revolution were only just beginning to come to fruition

French Revolution (2 decks)

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