AOS1

Question 1

Coronation of King Louis XVI - date

Answer 1

11 June 1775

Question 2

Neckers Compte Rendu - date

Answer 2

1781

Question 3

America’s War of Independence ends - date

Answer 3

1783

Question 4

Assembly of Notables - date plus detail

Answer 4

February 22 - May 25 1787

144 notable people of the state to discuss Calonnes fiscal reforms

call for estates general

Calonne dismissed

Question 5

Parlements - Date plus detail

Answer 5

2 July 1787

Brienne tries to pass taxation reforms.

Parlements issue a remonstrance

Louis ordered a lit de justice, parlements said it was invalid and were exiled

Question 6

Disaster of the Royal session - date plus detail

Answer 6

17 November - 1787

reforms - tough economy on royal house, state borrowing anther 420 mill euros

Brienne almost passed them, Louis commanded them to be passed which they were but the parlements declared them illegal afterwards

Question 7

Day of tiles - date plus detail

Answer 7

7June 1788

response to kings authoritarianism

in grenoble people took over town centre throwing tiles off roof

killed 4 wounded 40 - first revolutionary violence

Brienne forced to call on Estates General, Louis decides 1st may

Question 8

food crisis, savage storms - date

Answer 8

July 1788

Question 9

france is bankrupt- date

Answer 9

august 1788

Question 10

Sieyes ‘What is the Third Estate?’ - date

Answer 10

January 1789

Question 11

Reveillon riots - date plus detail

Answer 11

27 April 1789

Factory owner made comments about economic conditions

french guards fire on crowds killing 25 - rumour 300

marxist and revisionist - first example of mob violence

Question 12

Estates General - date plus details

Answer 12

5 may start, convened for several weeks in may and june 1789

third estate doubled but counting remained by order rather than by head

book of grievences, hope for change

Question 13

the National Assembly - dates plus details

Answer 13

10 june 1789

invited other estates to join in common assembly

13-16 members of clergy joined

17 june voted themselves the national assembly

elected Bailley as president

Question 14

Tennis Court Oath - dates plus details

Answer 14

20 June 1789

locked out of chambers so had to use a commercial tennis court

swore to remain until a constitution was created

whole first estate joins

king orders royal session surrounded by troops, claims national assembly void, crowd surrounded hall in protest, 830 members inside

Question 15

Troops ordered to Paris

Answer 15

26 June 1789

four regiments (20 000 troops) were ordered to Paris for a military intervention

Question 16

formation of the national guard

Answer 16

July 1789

bourgeois militia protecting private property

Question 17

Storming of the Bastille

Answer 17

14 July 1789

large crowd storms Bastille a symbol of royal oppression and abuse, rumoured to hold 250 of gunpowder

60 defected french guards backed up the crowd

prison guard killed 98 people

De Launay was killed and beheaded

Question 18

Louis confirms the constitutional monarchy

Answer 18

17 July 1789

removes troops from Paris, confirms Bailley as the mayor of Paris, and Lafayette as the head of the National Guard

Question 19

The Great Fear and Peasant Revolt

Answer 19

20 July - 6 August 1789

caused by bad harvest of 1788 and fall of Bastille

burning feudal documents, ransacking, riots

worsened by rumours of nobles burning crops

only four landowners were killed across france

Question 20

The Night of Patriotic Delirium

Answer 20

4 August 1789

triggered by fear of peasant uprisings along with revolutionary ideas for equality

resulted in the decision to abolish feudalism completely

Two of Frances richest landowners were some of the first to support these changes

Question 21

Inequality of the feudal system

Answer 21

3 estate 98% of pop,

second estate 0.4%,

first estate 0.6%.

Two privileged orders owned 60% of the land

Question 22

Inequality of the tax system

Answer 22

third estate - forced labour, tithe to church, feudal dues to landowners

noblility - tax exemptions, landowners pay tithe to church

Church - voluntary tax to king - don gratuit 1% of income

Question 23

wars

Answer 23

war of succession 1740-1748

Seven Years War 1756-1763

American War Independence 1775-1783

Participation led to financial crisis

Question 24

Financial Crisis/Ministers

Answer 24

Turgot, 1774-76, recognised the seriousness of FC, wanted to abolish labour tax = angering privileged class, reduced royal spending.

Jacques Necker 1776-81, noble, raised public awareness of states finances, people believe crisis is caused by royal spending, compte rendu - publicising state of france’s finances, lied said france 10mill pounds in credit, instead of imposing new taxes took out loans to pay for America’s war. France was really facing bankruptcy 1786, resigned 1781 Louis wouldn’t support his tax idea.

Calonne 1783-87, no limit on royal spending, suggested uniformed tax (same for every estate) & tax paid according to income. Tax through representation, tax collected by local assemblies rather than tax farmers, abolish internal tax barriers & external tariffs, nervous or hesitant to approach the parlements (high law courts in accordance with income), calls on assembly of notables.

Brienne 1787-88,
- tries to implement reforms, parlements, disaster of the royal session.
- Failure of aristocracy to reform.
- Perception of royal wastefulness.
- France has borrowed 1250 mill euros since 1766, now & an annual deficit of 112 mill euros with a total revenue of 465 mill euros.

Question 25

food crisis

Answer 25

bad harvest and storms in 1788

75% of french pop relied on bread

bread prices rose from 8 sous in 1787 - 15 in 1789

poor worker earned 20 - 30 sous a day and needed two loafs to feed a family

Question 26

Ideas

Answer 26

enlightenment - liberty, progress, equality, toleration, constitutional government

American spirit - fighting for personal liberty and freedom from despotism. inalienable rights that should be in a constitution

Question 27

Royal Spending

Answer 27

public perception of royal wastefulness, in reality the court only spent 6% of France’s budget

Question 28

Pamphlets war

Answer 28

1788

4000 pamphlets were produced during the pamphlet war

Question 29

Lafayette

Answer 29

He served in the National Assembly and drafted the Declaration of the Rights of Man. He sent the key to the Bastille to Washington, who was serving as the President of the United States. He was called ‘General Goldilocks’ to mock his youthful looks by his enemies. He also conveyed the ideology of the American spirit. leader of the national guard

Question 30

Blanning

Answer 30

the revolution occurred because of a ‘coincidence of two separate crises at the end of the 1780s’ the financial crisis and the economic crisis ‘it was the fusion of these two crisis in 1789 which allowed the mass of discontents to become critical and to turn a crisis into a revolution’