AOS1 RUSSIA INDIVIDUALS AND IDEAS

Question 1

Tsarina Alexandra

Answer 1

• “Alexandra’s ‘sexual corruption’ became a metaphor for the diseased conditions of the tsarist state” - Figes
• Described in feb rev as a ‘hooligan movement’

Question 2

Rasputin

Answer 2

• ‘the rasputin scandal had been a bizarre symptom of the disease affecting russian politics rather than a cause” lynch
• “alexandra’s sexual corruption’ became a metaphor for the diseased conditions of the tsarist state” figes

Question 3

Tsar Nicholas

Answer 3

• “it was nicholas’ weakness of will that lead to his demise” - hite
• “if there was a vacuum of powder at the center of the ruling system, then he was the empty space” figes
• “his mentality and circimcanses kept him wholly out of touch with his people” -kernsky

Question 4

Count Witte

Answer 4

“industrialisation policies created a ‘simmering pot of social grievences” - malone

Question 5

Pyotr Stolypin

Answer 5

he offered a “sense of national purpose and hope” - pipes

Question 6

Alexander Kerensky

Answer 6

• “the provisional gov had authority without power, whislt the soviet had power without authority” - kerensky

Question 7

Lenin

Answer 7

“determined tht the bolsheviks should initiate the achievement of a world without exploration and oppression” - service

“lenins programme articulated the increasingly radical temper of the party” - wood

“Peace. bread. land”

Question 8

Trotsky

Answer 8

“to those who have left and those who tell us to do this we must say: you are miserable bankrupts, go back where you ought to go, in the dustbin of history” - trotsky

“All practical work.. done under (trotsky’s) immediate direction.. the party is indebted primarily to comrade trotsky for the efficient manner in which the work of the military revolutionary committee was organised” - stalin

Question 9

Nationalisim

Answer 9

• 60 nationalties
• many ethnic minorites didnt identify as members of the russian empire

“with many nationalities, many languages… the marvel is that the country can be held together by democratic means” -witte

Question 10

Liberal Reformisim

Answer 10

• Kadets largest liberal party
• Consiterd of entreprenuers, progressive landlords, etc.

“by their refusal to join wittes cabinet the liberals threw away their best chance to steer the tsarist regime towards constitutional reform” - figes

Question 11

Revolutionaty popularisim

Answer 11

• SRS popular with peasants
• Populists had longest traditional of any party in Russia

SRs believed workers and peasants “were united by their poverty and their oppression to the regime”

Question 12

Marxism

Answer 12

• 1848- Communist manifesto
• 1867- Das Kapital

“Lenin was proposing a centralised and conspiratorial party of professional revolutionaries in the tradition of the peoples will”