AOS1 Flashcards
Physical health and wellbeing
Functioning of the body, and it’s systems. Perform daily activities and tasks.
eg. Exercising.
Aspects of physical health and wellbeing. (Optimum)
- Healthy body weight.
- Well-functioning body.
- Strong immune system.
Social health and wellbeing.
Form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others.
Ability to adapt or manage appropriately to different social situations.
eg. Friendships.
Aspects of social health and wellbeing.
(Optimum)
- Effective communication with others.
- Supportive network of friends.
- Supportive and well functioning family.
Mental health and wellbeing.
Mind or brain; ability to think and process - cognitive.
eg. Self esteem; body image.
Aspects of mental health and wellbeing. (Optimum)
- Low levels of stress and anxiety.
- Positive thought patterns.
Emotional health and wellbeing.
Ability to recognise, understand and effectively manage and express emotions.
eg. Sadness, anger.
Aspects of emotional health and wellbeing. (Optimum)
- High level of resistance.
- Recognise and understand emotions.
Spiritual health and wellbeing.
Ideas, beliefs, values and ethics.
eg. Religion, belonging.
Aspects of spiritual health and wellbeing. (Optimum)
- Sense of belonging.
- Peace and harmony.
- Positive meaning and purpose in life.
Youths’ perspectives of H&W
- More physically focused.
WHO definition of health.
‘Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.’
Limitations of WHO definition.
The use of the word ‘complete’, which suggests ‘total’ or ‘perfect’ health. Realistically this can not be achieved. It has been suggested that perhaps the word ‘optimal’ replace the word ‘complete’.
Positive of WHO definition.
Recognises other dimensions of health and wellbeing. Not physical based.
Ottawa Charter.
Health is seen as a resource for everyday life, not the object of living. Health is a positive concept emphasising social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities
Limitations of Ottawa Charter.
To be “healthy” you must have all the prerequisites for health.
The biomedical definition of health and wellbeing.
Health is the absence of disease.
Limitations of the biomedical definition.
Ignores, social, emotional, spiritual, mental and physical aspects.
Health and wellbeing definition.
the state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.
Subjective.
Individual. Personal feelings.
Objective.
Not influenced by personal feelings.
Perspective.
Someones point of view.
Priority.
Greater importance placed on some aspects of health and wellbeing.
How do perspectives and priorities affect age, culture, and religion?
It depends on what you believe in for culture and religion. Younger ages, tend to prioritise physical health and well-being, and middle-aged physical health and well-being.
socio economic status
Describing people based on their income, education and type of job.
Culture
Shared beliefs, accepted behaviours and customs of a group of people.
Health and wellbeing culture.
Influenced by cultural background. Cultures may have explanations for certain mental illnesses.
Indigenous definition of health and wellbeing.
Good health is more than the absence of disease. It is the holistic concept that includes, physical, emotional, social, cultural and spiritual for both the individual and community.
A holistic approach of H&W.
mind, body and spirit. connection to the land. family and the community.
Connection to land.
Spiritual relationship and connection with country explains their identity.
Health status.
An individual’s or a population’s overall health (and wellbeing), taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.
Health indicator.
Standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health statuses, such as life expectancy, morbidity and mortality.
How to interpret graphs.
- read the title.
- notice changes.
- Look at the key.
Self-assessed health status. - Psychological distress
Provides an overall measure of a population’s health based on a person’s own perception of health and well-being.
+ Cost effective + easy to administer.
- Not accurate, no honesty.
Life expectancy.
How long a person is expected to live, the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.
Measure from birth.
Mortality.
The number of deaths in a population in a given period.
YLL
Years of life lost. - a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to death.
Morbidity.
ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population.
YLD
years lost to disability - one YLD is equal to one ‘healthy’ year of life lost due to time lived with the disease.
Incidence
Number (or rate) of new cases of a disease/condition in a population in a given time.
Individual cases.
Prevalence.
the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.
Burden of disease.
The measure of the impact of diseases and injuries; measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of diseases.
combines mortality and morbidity, so various conditions and impacts can be compared.
DALY
Disability-adjusted life years. - measure of burden of diseases.
One DALY is equal to one year of life lost due to illness/death.
The equation for DALY.
DALY = YYL + YLD.
Core activity limitation.
Measures the extent to which a disability causes limitations in the core activities of:
Self-care.
Mobility.
Communication.
Psychological distress
Unpleasant feelings/emotions affect an individual’s level of functioning.
It measures the emotional and mental health and wellbeing of a population.
Sociocultural factors.
- Family.
- Peer Group.
- Income.
- Education.
- Housing.
- Employment.
Family, + -, example.
+ Close relationships; talking to your parents.
- Unsettled environment, using illicit drugs.
eg. Illicit drugs and tobacco can reduce one’s life expectancy. Physical H&W.
Peer Groups, + -, example.
+ Friendships; providing constant support. (Social).
- Experimenting and taking risks.
eg. Unhealthy risks may lead to them developing a disability, therefore, years lost to disability.
Employment, + -, example.
+ Sense of identity and purpose in life.
- Not being able to balance school and study.
eg. Not balancing, can lead to stress and anxiety, being unable to carry out day-to-day tasks, adding to the mortality.
Housing, + -, example.
+ Roof over head, mental health and wellbeing boosted, knowing it’s safe place to live.
- Indoor air pollution, dust + tobacco (physical).
eg. Dust + Tobacco increase morbidity from asthma and other respiratory conditions reducing physical H&W.
Education, + -, exmaple.
+ Schools help form relationships (Social).
- Bullying; Mental + Emotional.
eg. Better health status and high levels of education show fewer physical concerns and better mental H&W.
Income, + -, exmaple.
+ Money.
- Poverty; emotional health and wellbeing.
eg. Promoting better health status, knowing they’ve got money and a roof over head.
