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Modern History - Unit 1 > AOS1 > Flashcards

AOS1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tsar Nicholas II

A

King of Russia,
Reigned 1894 - 1917

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2
Q

Franz Ferdinand

A

Assassinated on a tour of Serbia,
Triggered WW1

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3
Q

Kaiser Wilhelm I

A

First King of United Germany,
Reigned 1861 - 1888

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4
Q

Kaiser Wilhelm II

A

King of Germany in WW1,
Reigned 1888 - 1918

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5
Q

King George V

A

King of the British Empire during WW1,
Reigned 1911-1936

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6
Q

Otto von Bismark

A

United Germany,
Chancellor of Prussia

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7
Q

Queen Victoria

A

Extremely influential during the Industrial Revolution and furthered the reign of the British Empire,
Reigned 1837 - 1901

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8
Q

‘ism’

A

Belief in

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9
Q

Imperialism

A

Belief in Empire (and the importance of Empire)

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10
Q

Nationalism

A

Belief in the importance of your nation/country/people

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11
Q

Colonialism

A

Control by one power over a dependent area or people

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12
Q

Militarism

A

Control or rule by a military class

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13
Q

Alliances

A

A union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.

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14
Q

Franco-Prussian Wars

A

Fought between France and Prussia from 1870-71

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15
Q

Napoleonic Wars

A

A series of wars fought by France across Europe led by Napoleon Bonaparte between 1800 and 1815

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16
Q

Boer Wars

A

Fought between the British Empire and the Boer Republics in Africa. Took place between 1899 - 1902

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17
Q

Balkan Wars

A

2 Military conflicts that deprived the Ottoman Empire of all remaining territories in Europe.

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18
Q

Unification of Germany & Italy

A

Increased sense of nationalism through the expression of common traits, language and land causing unity among the people.

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19
Q

Annexation

A

A state/country proclaims its sovereignty over territory outside its domain.

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20
Q

Satellite & Puppet States

A

A government that appears independent but it’s actually controlled by another country.

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21
Q

Capitalism

A

A system where enterprises such as farms and factories are controlled by private owners for profit.

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22
Q

Internationalism

A

Encooperation between nations and states to promote a similar cause.

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23
Q

Isolationism

A

A policy of isolating one’s nation from involvement with other countries. By not becoming involved in politics, joining alliances or making economic commitments, counties seek their own intrests.

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24
Q

Characteristics of Fascism

A
  • Rule by a central leader - One leader with total power controls almost everything.
  • Nationalism - An absolute determination to build up the nation’s glory and power.
  • Central Government Control - The unity of the nation is what matters most, not the rights of the individual.
  • Superiority - A belief in the superiority of the nation’s own race or ethnic groups.
  • Military Power - To expand the nation’s territory.
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25
Q

Nazism

A

‘National Socialist German Workers’ party, its policies included the abolition of the Treaty of Versailles, the union of Germany and Austria, the idea that only ‘true’ Germans be permitted to live in Germany and that Jews be excluded.

26
Q

Communism

A

The system that a nation may have where all resources are shared equal among all of the people, and everybody gets paid the same for all their work (which all must do).

27
Q

Fascism

A

A tight and complete control of everything and everyone in a nation by a government that will enforce and supress with violence and inhumane methods.

28
Q

Racism

A

Systems and policies, actions and attitudes create inequitable opportunites and outcomes for people based on race.

29
Q

Socialism

A

A political, economical and social theory that advocates that the community as a whole should own and control the means of production.

30
Q

Liberal Democracy

A

A form of governments that seeks to uphold the rights and freedom of individuals, in which representatives are elected by people.

31
Q

National Self-discrimination

A

The belief that people belonging to a specific ‘nationality’ should be allowed to determine their own future.

32
Q

Georges Clemenceau

A
  • French Prime Minister,
  • ‘Germany so weak it would never attack France again’,
  • ‘Tiger’
  • Hated Germany
33
Q

Llyod George

A
  • British Prime Minster
  • Aggresive at face face value, however was more conservative.
  • Wanted to use Germany to stop the spread of communism.
  • Only harsh so he wouldn’t loose his job.
34
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A
  • USA President,
  • Not hit harshly by Germany
  • Generous
  • Wanted to prevent further conflict.
35
Q

Treaty of Versailles impact on Germany

A
  • German Chancellor was so upset when he resigned.
  • Germany reluctantly signed the treaty 28 June 1919.
  • Resentment.
  • Economic hardship.
  • New Government.
36
Q

Austria - Treaty of St. Germain
10 September 1919

A

Land - Lost land to Italy, Czechoslovakia and Serbia (Yugoslavia).
Army - To be reduced to 30,000 men.
Anschluss - Union with Germany was forbidden.
Reparations - To pay reparations, but became bankruot before the rate could be set.

37
Q

Hungary - Treaty of Trianon
4 June 1920

A

Land - Lost land to Austria, Czechoslovkia, Romania and Serbia (Yugoslavia). Reducing from 283,000km2 to >93,000km2 and population 18.2 million to 7.6 million.
Army - To be reduced to 35,000 men.
Reparations - To pay reparations, but the amount was never set.

38
Q

Bulgaria - Treaty of Neailly
27 November 1919

A

Land - Lost land to Greece, Romania and Serbia (Yugoslavia).
Army - Restrictions were made on the size of Bulgaria’s Army.
Reparations - To pay £90million in reparations.

39
Q

Turkey - Treaty of Sèvres
20 August 1920

A

Land - Lost land to Greece. The League of Nations took control of Turkey’s colonies.

40
Q

The League of Nations

A
  • Established in 1920
  • 2 aims:
    Preventing War
    Immediatly settle problems between countries
  • International organisation
  • Germany not allowed to join.
41
Q

Right Wing

A

‘Conservative’, defend and rationalise the existing economic, social and political order, which are called status quo ideologies.

42
Q

Left Wing

A

‘Liberal’, promote fundamnetal changes in exsisting economic, social and political order, which are called radical ideologies.

43
Q

Centre

A

In between there is a large grey area, including left of centre and right of centre, which may be called the moderate ideologies.

44
Q

Italian reaction to the Treaty of Versailles

A
  • Didn’t recieve extra land after fighting with the allies.
  • Suffered with a struggling economy.
  • Rising unemployment.
  • Rise of communism in the lower class.
  • 5 governments between 1919-1922.
45
Q

Formation of Fasicstparty and the Black Shirts

A
  • Mussolini founded teh National Fasicst Party in 1921.
  • Popular with many returned soldiers who couldn’t find employment.
  • They became a military-style armed squad called the Black Shirts.
  • Aim - Terrorise their political enemy.
46
Q

Swastika

A
  • 3000-year-old religious symbol which predated Ancient Egypt. - ‘swastika’ was originally a passive word that meant ‘to be good’
  • Was a scared symbol of Hinduism and Buddhism
  • The Nazi’s adopted this symbol in 1920 in order to display their ‘struggle for victory’
47
Q

Hitler’s Nazi Ideology in Germany

A
  • Called the Treaty of Versailles a dictated peace the Germany never agreed to.
  • Hitler adopted the emrging theory ‘dolchstoßlegende’, meaning ‘Dagger stab legend’
  • Hitler’s propoganda of all enemies during his dictatorship was born from the ideology of blaming the Jews.
48
Q

Nazi’s Policies

A

Volksgemeinschaft - ‘A people’s community’; this was the Nazi’s overall vision for a unified, racially pure Germany.
Gleichschaltung - A policy introduced in Nazi Germany that involved the coordination of all aspects in society.
Übermensch - German term for ‘superior human’ and used to describe Aryans.
Untermensch - German term for ‘inferior human’ and used to decribe non-Aryans.

49
Q

Nazi Political Policies

A
  • Against democracy
  • Describes it as cowardly and disgraceful
  • Supported totalitarianism
50
Q

Nazi Social Policies

A
  • Based on Nationalism
  • Focused on restoring pride and superiority.
    Nuremburg Laws - Focused on teh idea the Jews are inferior.
51
Q

Nazi Economic Policies

A
  • Nazi’s supported socialism but were against communism.
  • Believed 75% of all communists were Jews
  • Communism would lead to the destruction of societies.
52
Q

Weimar Republic
The President

A
  • President elected seperately.
  • 7 Years
  • Appoints & Dismiss Government
  • Article 48 - ‘Emergency Powers’ - Law & Order in crisis.
  • Set aside fundamnetal rights.
53
Q

Weimar Republic
Proportional Representation

A
  • % of national vote translate into MPs
  • Parties with small vote gets seats.
  • Coalition governments
  • ‘Fire past the post’
54
Q

Weimar Republic
Federal Governments

A
  • Power to make laws
  • Central governments (Berlin)
  • 18 Landers (State Governments)
  • Berlin - Taxation, Religion
  • Lander - Police, Courts, Schools.
55
Q

Nazi - Use of Force

A
  • Used for acceptance of their policies.
  • Violence was commonly seen in Nazi rally’s.
56
Q

Republic

A

A country without a King or Queen.

57
Q

Reichstag

A

The German parliament

58
Q

Constitution

A

The way a government is set up.

59
Q

3 phases of Germany 1919-1933

A

1919-1923,
1923-1929,
1929-1933.

60
Q

Germany 1919-1923

A

At first the Weimar Republic had great difficulties.
- Left wing rebellions,
- All people were angry with it,
- Right wing rebellions and terrorism,
- Invasion and Inflation,
- Munich Putsch.

61
Q

Germany 1923-1929

A

But the Republic survived and (after Gustav Stresemann became Chancellorin 1923) did well.
- Economic Prosperity
- foriegn Policy successes
- Cultural flowering.

62
Q

Germany 1929-1933

A

After the Wall Street Crash in 1929, however, the Republic collapsed.
- Unemployment,
- Nazi Party grew more powerful.
- In 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor.

Modern History - Unit 1 (2 decks)

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