AOS 3 Unit 3 Flashcards
operations management
the coordination of resources within a business to achieve the efficient and effective output of finished goods and services.
efficiency
how productively a business uses its resources (ie. time, labour, machinery, technology) when producing a good or service.
effectiveness
the extent. to which a business achieves its stated objectives
To make a profit
Relo to ops management: producing high quality products at low prices - customer reputation increases - sales increase.
to increase market share
Relo to ops management: producing high quality products at low prices - customer reputation increases - sales increase. if increase relative to competitors, then the business will see an increase in market share
meet shareholder expectations
Relo to ops management: use strategies to improve quality and reduce waste - sales and revenue increase and costs go down - profit increases - shareholder dividends and share prices increase, allowing the business to meet shareholder expectations
fulfil a market need
Relo to ops management: producing high quality products at a low prices to fulfil a market need
fulfil a social need
Relo to ops management: minimising waste by recycling products means that less rubbish gets sent to landfill or pollutes the environment. this allows the business to fulfils a social need
to improve efficiency
Relo to ops management: Using strategies such as automated production lines to make more goods with fewer resources (i.e. time, labour, raw materials), a business will be able to..
to improve effectiveness
Relo to ops management: Using strategies such as robotics to increase accuracy, improve quality and meet market needs, in order to.
inputs
The resources used by a business to produce a good or service
ie. materials, labour, technology, capital, utilities, information/knowledge, entreprenurial skills, time
processes
- the actions performed by a business to transform inputs into outputs
- usually ends in -ing
ie. storing, sorting, blending, packing
outputs
The final goods or services produced as a result of a business’s operations system that are delivered or provided to customers
ie. results of the process state in form of goods/services
manufacturing businesses
use resources and raw materials to produce a finished physical good.
service
provide intangible products usually with the use of specialised expertise.
manufacturing operations characteristics:
tangibility: tangible
production/consumption pattern: occurs seperately
storability: easily stored
production method: standardised and mass produced
degree of customer contact: minimal contact
production technique: capital intensive production
standardised goods
goods that are produced consistently and are virtually identical to one another.
service business characteristics
tangibility: intangible
pattern/consumption pattern: occurs simultaneously
storability: difficult to store
production method: often customised
degree of customer contact: high degree
production technique: labour intensive
automated lines
involved machinery and equipment that are arranged in a sequence, and the product is developed as it proceeds through each step
optimises operations, using computers and software that enhance production
efficiency - automated lines
automated production lines can be performed at speeds much faster than humans, reducing the amount of time taken to produce outputs thus removing productivity
effectiveness automated lines
automated production lines perform tasks with a high degree of accuracy, which can decrease the number of errors that may occur during production. Reducing errors in production can enhance the overall quality of the final predict which can increase customer satisfaction, sales and market share
online services
services that are provided in via the internet
effciency online services
online services can remove the need for employees to perfom certain tasks and enable labour resources to be used more efficiently
effectiveness online serivces
implementing online services within an operations systems can improve connivence for customers increasing levels of customer satisfaction sales and market share.
strengths - online services
- businesses can use cloud services to allow employees flexibility in working remotely
- customers can access business services 24/7 from anywhere in the world
limitations - online services
- initially expensive to set up software platforms
- if systems fail, the provision of services could experience major disruptions
automated lines strengths
- save costs as human labour is replaced by amchines
- production runs 24/7 - faster, efficient
- higher accuracy/precision
automated lines limitations
- intially expensive to set up
- if systems fails the production process could see major disruptions.
materials management
Managing materials involves organising and monitoring the delivery, storage, and use of raw materials (one of our resources) required for production.
forecasting
is a materials planning tool that predicts customer demand for an upcoming period using past data and market trends.
forecasting efficiency
forecasting decreases the likelihood of ordering and storing excessive amounts of materials which optimises the use of resources by reducing wastage
forecasting effectiveness
forecasting improves a business’s ability to meet customer demand which can contribute to increased customer satisfaction, sales and market share
forecasting strengths
+Allows businesses to anticipate seasonal changes and adjust orders to save on costs and wastage, which benefits their environmental reputation.
+It can help to prevent over-ordering taking up valuable storage space.
forecasting limitations
–The ‘running backwards looking over your shoulder’ principle – unexpected events can still catch you out.
–Requires a lot of time to track, anticipate, and analyse all potential impacts on the supply chain.
master production schedule
- a plan that outlines what a business intends to produce, in specific quantities within a set period of time
Just in time
is an inventory control approach that delivers the correct type and quantity of materials as soon as they are needed for production
JIT effectiveness
a reduction in idle stock can reduce expenses associated with waste which can meet the objective of increased profit
JIT efficiency
minimising the amount of stock held can prevent resources from becoming damaged or expiring, allowing resources to be used optimally
JIT strengths
+When working perfectly, this should lead to elimination of all waste, including:
-No raw material wastage.
-No storage space required.
- No idle machines.
JIT weaknesses
–Hugely reliant on suppliers to deliver on time, all of the time. If this fails, the entire production line is disrupted.
–Delivery costs may increase if more frequent deliveries are needed.
quality
is a good or service’s ability to satisfy a customers need
reactive
is responding to a situation after something has occurred