aos 3

Question 1

Realism

Answer 1

Realist school argues that the global political arena is made up of individual states, each with their own standards and no obligation to one another or a common morality

Question 2

Cosmopolitanism

Answer 2

Cosmopolitan school argues that humanity is one single moral community regardless of state, culture or levels of economic development and thus the same rules apply to all humans and all are treated equally.

Question 3

Justice

Answer 3

Concept of moral rightness based on ethics, law, fairness and equity that, importantly, also seeks punishment when said ehtics are breached. Extends to global politics through international systems of justice, such as the International Criminal Court, which seeks to uphold international law and deter future violations.

Question 4

Ethics

Answer 4

Evaluative stud of what actors on the global political stage ought to do

Question 5

International Treaties relating to human rights

Answer 5

1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
1965 Convention on the Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination
1979 Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women
1984 Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child

Question 6

State Responses to human rights

Answer 6

The primary way states support human rights is to sign and ratify internationally the relevant human rights laws and treaties.
However many states do not on the grounds of national interest.
US has not signed or ratified the 2002 Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court

Question 7

Economic Challnges to HUman Rights

Answer 7

Human rights abuses often occur when economic conditions deteriorate or in states seeking economic advancement. Some developing states argue that human rights are rolled out sequentially and thus economic and social rights are deemed more important than political and civil ones

Question 8

Universaloity versus Religion

Answer 8

Universality of human rights is challenged by many religious practices
Muslim Faith
Highlighted by western nation as denigration of human rights
Rights of women especially Burqa Hijab

Question 9

Responsibility to Protect

Answer 9

If a state fails to protect its citizens from these crimes, the interionational community has an obligation to intervene and protect said peoples
2005 World Summit the General Assembly stated that “each individual state has the responisbility to protect its populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity

Question 10

International Treaties relating to people movement

Answer 10

1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees
Provides numnerous rights to refugees such as the
§ Freedom to religion
§ Access to courts
§ Access to education
§ Freedom of movement
1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees
2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Traficking in Persons, especially Women and Children
2000 Protocol against the smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air.

Question 11

state responses to people movement

Answer 11

Australia made plans to accept 12000 refugees from Syria in 2016, has only accepted 2000.
Mandatory Detention of Asylum Seekers has been in place since 1994.

Question 12

obligations to strangers versus national interest

Answer 12

States that have the capacity to support those less fortunate have the responsibility to do so.

Question 13

rights of refugees versus economic migrants

Answer 13

Economic migrants bring economic growth and skills, whereas asylum seekers are more vulnerable.

Question 14

refugee resettlement

Answer 14

Issues of national security against social unrest of refugees.

Question 15

NGO Response to Human Rights Example

Answer 15

In the face of their human rights abuses in 2013 AI have highlighted and condemned the authorities and exerted pressure via reports.
Called upon NK to Acknowledge the existence of its political prison camps and to close them immmediately

Question 16

NGO Response to Human Rights Example

Answer 16

In the face of their human rights abuses in 2013 AI have highlighted and condemned the authorities and exerted pressure via reports.
Called upon NK to Acknowledge the existence of its political prison camps and to close them immmediately

Question 17

Economic Challenges to Human Rights Example

Answer 17

Chinese government has allowed human rights abuses to occur so that its central task of economic development is not interrupted. Following a spate of worker suicides and accusations of human rights abuses damaging the organisation’s brand power, Apple manufacturer Foxconn in China made employees sign ‘No suicide’ pacts.

Question 18

Economic Challenges to Human Rights Example

Answer 18

Chinese government has allowed human rights abuses to occur so that its central task of economic development is not interrupted. Following a spate of worker suicides and accusations of human rights abuses damaging the organisation’s brand power, Apple manufacturer Foxconn in China made employees sign ‘No suicide’ pacts.

Question 19

Universality versus religion example

Answer 19

2011 the Islamic Sharia Law of qisas (retributive justice) attained global notoriety when an Iranian court tuled that a man responsible for blinding a woman in an acid attack be blinded with acid as his punishment. Amnesty International called for the blinding sentence and detention to be revoked arguing that it is a cruel and inhuman punishment amounting to tortue.The blinding was cancelled.

Question 20

Responsibility to Protect Example

Answer 20

The protracted debate over the sending of peacekeepers to Darfur and the relatively swift reaction of the international community to events in Libya in 2011 highlight te contentiousness and the selectivity of the international community.

Question 21

Convention on the Status of Refugees

Answer 21

1951

Question 22

Protocol relating to the status of refugees

Answer 22

1967

Question 23

Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Traficking in Persons, especially Women and Children

Answer 23

2000

Question 24

Protocol against the smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air

Answer 24

2000

Question 25

State responses to people movement example

Answer 25

As of 31 May 2016, 1,309 asylum
seekers were detained in Australian-funded Offshore Processing Centres – 466 (including 50
children) in Nauru and 843 on Manus Island. Although the Manus Island centre will now be closed.

Question 26

State responses to people movement example

Answer 26

As of 31 May 2016, 1,309 asylum
seekers were detained in Australian-funded Offshore Processing Centres – 466 (including 50
children) in Nauru and 843 on Manus Island. Although the Manus Island centre will now be closed.

Question 27

UN response to people movement

Answer 27

UN’s High Commission for Refugees attempts to promote a formal, multilateral approach to refugees and to protect and promote the rights of refugees.

Question 28

UN response to people movement example

Answer 28

Djabal camp in eastern Chad hosts some 14 000 Sudanese refugees from the conflict in Darfur
UNHCR provides for the basic needs of refugees including shelter, food, water, sanitation and medical care.

Question 29

NGO Response to people movement

Answer 29

Refugee Action is an independent charity that provides advice and support to asylum seekers and refugees in the UK.

Question 30

NGO Response to people movement example

Answer 30

Campaigned successfully to stop government cuts to asylum seeker support in 2009.

Question 31

NGO Response to people movement example

Answer 31

Campaigned successfully to stop government cuts to asylum seeker support in 2009.

Question 32

NGO Response to people movement example

Answer 32

Campaigned successfully to stop government cuts to asylum seeker support in 2009.

Question 33

Refugee Resettlement Example

Answer 33

Germany accepted over 1 million refugees in 2015, but this has led to social issues including the New Years Eve attacks and weak social cohesion.