aos 3 Flashcards
Realism
Realist school argues that the global political arena is made up of individual states, each with their own standards and no obligation to one another or a common morality
Cosmopolitanism
Cosmopolitan school argues that humanity is one single moral community regardless of state, culture or levels of economic development and thus the same rules apply to all humans and all are treated equally.
Justice
Concept of moral rightness based on ethics, law, fairness and equity that, importantly, also seeks punishment when said ehtics are breached. Extends to global politics through international systems of justice, such as the International Criminal Court, which seeks to uphold international law and deter future violations.
Ethics
Evaluative stud of what actors on the global political stage ought to do
International Treaties relating to human rights
1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
1965 Convention on the Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination
1979 Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women
1984 Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child
State Responses to human rights
The primary way states support human rights is to sign and ratify internationally the relevant human rights laws and treaties.
However many states do not on the grounds of national interest.
US has not signed or ratified the 2002 Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court
Economic Challnges to HUman Rights
Human rights abuses often occur when economic conditions deteriorate or in states seeking economic advancement. Some developing states argue that human rights are rolled out sequentially and thus economic and social rights are deemed more important than political and civil ones
Universaloity versus Religion
Universality of human rights is challenged by many religious practices
Muslim Faith
Highlighted by western nation as denigration of human rights
Rights of women especially Burqa Hijab
Responsibility to Protect
If a state fails to protect its citizens from these crimes, the interionational community has an obligation to intervene and protect said peoples
2005 World Summit the General Assembly stated that “each individual state has the responisbility to protect its populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity
International Treaties relating to people movement
1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees
Provides numnerous rights to refugees such as the
§ Freedom to religion
§ Access to courts
§ Access to education
§ Freedom of movement
1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees
2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Traficking in Persons, especially Women and Children
2000 Protocol against the smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air.
state responses to people movement
Australia made plans to accept 12000 refugees from Syria in 2016, has only accepted 2000.
Mandatory Detention of Asylum Seekers has been in place since 1994.
obligations to strangers versus national interest
States that have the capacity to support those less fortunate have the responsibility to do so.
rights of refugees versus economic migrants
Economic migrants bring economic growth and skills, whereas asylum seekers are more vulnerable.
refugee resettlement
Issues of national security against social unrest of refugees.
NGO Response to Human Rights Example
In the face of their human rights abuses in 2013 AI have highlighted and condemned the authorities and exerted pressure via reports.
Called upon NK to Acknowledge the existence of its political prison camps and to close them immmediately
NGO Response to Human Rights Example
In the face of their human rights abuses in 2013 AI have highlighted and condemned the authorities and exerted pressure via reports.
Called upon NK to Acknowledge the existence of its political prison camps and to close them immmediately
Economic Challenges to Human Rights Example
Chinese government has allowed human rights abuses to occur so that its central task of economic development is not interrupted. Following a spate of worker suicides and accusations of human rights abuses damaging the organisation’s brand power, Apple manufacturer Foxconn in China made employees sign ‘No suicide’ pacts.
Economic Challenges to Human Rights Example
Chinese government has allowed human rights abuses to occur so that its central task of economic development is not interrupted. Following a spate of worker suicides and accusations of human rights abuses damaging the organisation’s brand power, Apple manufacturer Foxconn in China made employees sign ‘No suicide’ pacts.
Universality versus religion example
2011 the Islamic Sharia Law of qisas (retributive justice) attained global notoriety when an Iranian court tuled that a man responsible for blinding a woman in an acid attack be blinded with acid as his punishment. Amnesty International called for the blinding sentence and detention to be revoked arguing that it is a cruel and inhuman punishment amounting to tortue.The blinding was cancelled.
Responsibility to Protect Example
The protracted debate over the sending of peacekeepers to Darfur and the relatively swift reaction of the international community to events in Libya in 2011 highlight te contentiousness and the selectivity of the international community.
Convention on the Status of Refugees
1951
Protocol relating to the status of refugees
1967
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Traficking in Persons, especially Women and Children
2000
Protocol against the smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
2000
State responses to people movement example
As of 31 May 2016, 1,309 asylum
seekers were detained in Australian-funded Offshore Processing Centres – 466 (including 50
children) in Nauru and 843 on Manus Island. Although the Manus Island centre will now be closed.
State responses to people movement example
As of 31 May 2016, 1,309 asylum
seekers were detained in Australian-funded Offshore Processing Centres – 466 (including 50
children) in Nauru and 843 on Manus Island. Although the Manus Island centre will now be closed.
UN response to people movement
UN’s High Commission for Refugees attempts to promote a formal, multilateral approach to refugees and to protect and promote the rights of refugees.
UN response to people movement example
Djabal camp in eastern Chad hosts some 14 000 Sudanese refugees from the conflict in Darfur
UNHCR provides for the basic needs of refugees including shelter, food, water, sanitation and medical care.
NGO Response to people movement
Refugee Action is an independent charity that provides advice and support to asylum seekers and refugees in the UK.
NGO Response to people movement example
Campaigned successfully to stop government cuts to asylum seeker support in 2009.
NGO Response to people movement example
Campaigned successfully to stop government cuts to asylum seeker support in 2009.
NGO Response to people movement example
Campaigned successfully to stop government cuts to asylum seeker support in 2009.
Refugee Resettlement Example
Germany accepted over 1 million refugees in 2015, but this has led to social issues including the New Years Eve attacks and weak social cohesion.
