AOS 2 SAC Revision

Question 1

Define the term ‘utilitarian’

Answer 1

a way of life that is only focused on survival

Question 2

Define the term ‘non-utilitarian’

Answer 2

a way of life which explores spirituality and acts not necessary for survival

Question 3

Qafseh cave in Israel

Answer 3

indicates that early modern humans had a sense of spirituality and sentiment. The burial site is deemed to be about 90,000 to 100,000 years old and the bones are covered in red ocre. intentional burial of 15 -> sacred rituals and spiritual beliefs

Question 4

El castillo caves

Answer 4

150,000 years ago, basic shelter safety, complex system of caves, transition from surviving to living, place of gathering to celebrate life and art, images of animals
white- spirits

Question 5

Years of pre-history

Answer 5

3 million to 50,000 BCE

Question 6

The Ancient Era

Answer 6

50,000 century to 1st century

Question 7

The Common Era

Answer 7

1st to 5th century

Question 8

The Middle Ages

Answer 8

5th to 15th century

Question 9

Evidence of pre-historic spirituality

Answer 9

b/f actions were just utilitarian
as humans advanced and developed evidence of spirituality grew (symbolic/spiritual) eg. burial sites, rock paintings and story telling

Question 10

What aspects are identifiable at an ancient burial site?

Answer 10

rituals- practice
beliefs- respecting the deceased
symbols- artwork and colours
spaces- personal belongings
structures- elderly, tribal leaders are buried differently due to status

Question 11

ancient non-utilitarian acts

Answer 11

caring for the elderly (social structure)
burying tribe members with goods (belief)
position of the body (symbolism)
capable of speech (not just for breathing)

Question 12

Symbolic Revolution year and purpose

Answer 12

50,000- 40,000 BCE
explosion of technology and art
development of language
beyond literal = spiritual connection, ancestors, ethics and morals, taboo

Question 13

Agricultural revolution

Answer 13

10,500- 9,500 BCE hunter-gather community become non-nomadic

Question 14

The emergence of writing

Answer 14

writing =abstract thoughts being explored-> scripture recorded and concrete
explores ideas of ‘love’, ‘death’ and ‘life’
core of religion such as gospels recorded

3000 BCE sumerian empire first writing about religion
preserved sacred texts eg. King List
dev significant and others copied

Question 15

cave paintings

Answer 15

evidence of spirituality
not for a practical purpose
symbolic thinking
concepts of time
beyond simple living

Question 16

Blood Sacrifices

Answer 16

civilizations BS to appease the Gods, atonement, fortune
considered to be the highest most powerful as it takes the preciousness of a human life
eg. Ancient Phoenicians attain money and prosp
overtime become barbaric and opt for an ‘animal’
Genesis God refusal of Abraham’s son Isaac and wanting a ram/ animal

Question 17

Explain why some ideas or a religious tradition in its entirety ceased to exist

Answer 17

ruling societies would adopt te faith of those they conquered as it was appealing
eg. the Romans adopted Christianity as their faith as they were comforted by the idea of an afterlife
polytheistic faiths becoming extinct
conquerors would give captures an ultimatum ‘convert or die’
Indigenous Australians forced to convert to Christianity resulting in loss of ancient traditions

Question 18

Syncretism

Answer 18

is the formation of a religion from multiple diverse sources

Question 19

Pluralism

Answer 19

where multiple cultures live in a society together