Aortic Stenosis Flashcards
Most common cause of aortic stenosis in the younger population.
Congenital Bicuspid Aortic valve
How does a bicuspid aortic valve lead to aortic stenosis.
The two cusps cause an increase in turbulent flow that leads to a faster progression of fibrosis and calcification.
Most common cause of aortic stenosis in older adults.
Senile Aortic Calcification
What are the three major symptoms of Aortic Stenosis and the time frame to 50% mortality after the onset of these symptoms?
- Angina: 5 yrs
- Syncope: 3 yrs
- HF symptoms: 2 yrs
What is parvus et tardus?
A weak (parvus) and late (tardus) carotid pulse that can occur in aortic stenosis or cardiac tamponade.
How does aortic stenosis present on EKG?
LVH and sinus rhythm
if there is atrial fib, consider mitral valve disease
Which diagnostic modality will allow for valve area calculation, valvular gradients, and assessing function of valves?
Echocardiography
What are the two reasons to use cardiac catheterization to assess aortic stenosis and when is it used?
- To define coronary anatomy for aortic valve replacement surgery.
Exceptions: males under 40, females under 50yrs - Confirm the severity of aortic stenosis
Medical Tx for aortic stenosis.
Not used for definitive treatment
- beta blockers and non-dihydro CCB for HR control
- treat symptoms
Only definitive tx for aortic stenosis and what are the two indications?
Surgical aortic valve replacement.
- severe symptomatic patients
- ejection fraction less than 50%
What is one consideration before AVR surgery?
Dental work should be done before to prevent the valves from becoming infected.
When is Aortic Balloon Valvuloplasty used?
To buy time until AVR can be performed.
-if surgeon not available or an emergency occurs
Used to reduce HF symptoms
