Aortic Regurgitation

Question 1

Indicators severity of AR

Answer 1

• Collapsing pulse
• Wide pulse pressure
• Long murmur
• 3rd HS
• Soft A2
• Austin Flint Murmur (diastolic rumble caused by limitation to mitral inflow by the regurgitant jet)
• LVF

Question 2

Causes of AR

Answer 2

** Valvular**

• Rheumatic
• Congenital (e.g. bicuspid)
• Endocarditis
• Acute prostetic valve failure

** Aortic Root**

• Marfan‘s
• Aortitis
• Dissecting aneurysm
• Old age
• Syphilis
• Ankylosing spondylitis

Question 3

Indications for surgery AR

Answer 3

NYHA class II-IV
Worsening LVF
LVSDD > 5.5cm or EF <55%

Question 4

Signs of AR

Answer 4

• Collapsing pulse
• Brachial dance
• Quinke’s sign (visible capillary pulsation in the nail bed)
• Corrigan’s sign (Visible Carotid pulsation in the neck)
• De Musset’s sign (head nodding in time with the heart beat
• Muller’s sign (pulsation of the uvula)
• Traube’s sign(pistol shots) and Duroziez sign(to and fro murmur on sl compression of the femoral artery)